Assessment of Antioxidant Activity, Total Phenolic and Flavonoid Contents of Albizia saponaria L. Bark Extract
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Keywords:
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Albizia saponaria , Antioxidant , Total Flavonoid , Total Phenolic
Abstract
Langir (Albizia saponaria L.), belonging to the family of the Fabaceae, is a medicinal endemic plant of South Sulawesi, Indonesia. The Albizia genus shows antioxidant, antibacterial, anthelmintic, antidandruff, and anti-inflammatory properties. In this study, total phenolic (TP) and total flavonoid (TF) extracts from the bark of A. saponaria were screened for robust antioxidant activity in order to identify potential sources of new compounds for use in pharmaceutical formulations in the future. TP and TF of the 96% ethanol extract and fractions (hexane, ethyl acetate, butanol, and water) were calculated by the Folin–Ciocalteu and aluminum chloride procedures, respectively. Furthermore, the antioxidant activity was determined by DPPH free radical scavenging method and ABTS assay. Generally, both extract and fractions showed significant radical scavenging activities. Ethyl acetate fraction exhibited more potent radical scavenging activity in the DPPH method (IC50 35.27 ± 2.85 µg/mL) and ABTS assay (IC50 60.04 ± 0.98 µg/mL), followed by 96% ethanol extract, and hexane, butanol, and water fractions. Furthermore, the highest TP (4.50 ± 0.01 mg/g GAE) and TF (3.55 ± 0.04 mg/g QE) were obtained from ethyl acetate fraction. There was a strong correlation between antioxidant activity with TP (DPPH, R2 = 0.6436; ABTS, R2 = 0.7676) and TF content (DPPH, R2 = 0.5533; ABTS, R2 = 0.5961). The extract’s antioxidant properties may be attributable to its higher phenolic and flavonoid content. In summary, the phenolic and flavonoid content of the ethyl acetate fraction indicates its potential utility as a source of antioxidants.
References
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Bakasatae, N., N. Kunworarath, C. T. Yupanqui, S. P. Voravuthikunchai, and N. Joycharat (2018). Bioactive Components, Antioxidant, and Anti-Inflammatory Activities of the Wood of Albizia myriophylla. Revista Brasileira de Farmacognosia, 28(4); 444–450
Banothu, V., C. Neelagiri, U. Adepally, J. Lingam, and K. Bommareddy (2017). Phytochemical Screening and Evaluation of In vitro Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activities of the Indigenous Medicinal Plant Albizia odoratissima. Pharmaceutical Biology, 55(1); 1155–1161
Cenini, G., A. Lloret, and R. Cascella (2019). Oxidative Stress in Neurodegenerative Diseases: From a Mitochondrial Point of View. Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity, 2019(May); e2105607
Chaudhary, P., P. Janmeda, A. O. Docea, B. Yeskaliyeva, A. F. Abdull Razis, B. Modu, D. Calina, and J. Sharifi-Rad (2023). Oxidative Stress, Free Radicals and Antioxidants: Potential Crosstalk in the Pathophysiology of Human Diseases. Frontiers in Chemistry, 11(May); 1158198
Chaves, N., A. Santiago, and J. C. Alías (2020). Quantification of the Antioxidant Activity of Plant Extracts: Analysis of Sensitivity and Hierarchization Based on the Method Used. Antioxidants, 9(1); 76
Chemat, F., M. Abert-Vian, A. S. Fabiano-Tixier, J. Strube, L. Uhlenbrock, V. Gunjevic, and G. Cravotto (2019). Green Extraction of Natural Products. Origins, Current Status, and Future Challenges. TrAC Trends in Analytical Chemistry, 118(September); 248–263
Chen, J., J. Yang, L. Ma, J. Li, N. Shahzad, and C. K. Kim (2020). Structure-Antioxidant Activity Relationship of Methoxy, Phenolic Hydroxyl, and Carboxylic Acid Groups of Phenolic Acids. Scientific Reports, 10(1); 2611
De Menezes, B. B., L. M. Frescura, R. Duarte, M. A. Villetti, and M. B. Da Rosa (2021). A Critical Examination of the DPPH Method: Mistakes and Inconsistencies in Stoichiometry and IC50 Determination by UV-Vis Spectroscopy. Analytica Chimica Acta, 1157(May); 338398
Ibrahim, O. H. and E. Y. Abdul Hafeez (2023). The Acetone Extract of Albizia lebbeck Stem Bark and Its In vitro Cytotoxic and Antimicrobial Activities. Horticulturae, 9(3); 385
Islam, M. N., H. Tasnim, L. Arshad, M. A. Haque, S. M. Tareq, A. M. Kamal, M. M. Rahman, A. A. Reza, K. A. A. Chowdhury, and A. M. Tareq (2020). Stem Extract of Albizia richardiana Exhibits Potent Antioxidant, Cytotoxic, Antimicrobial, Anti-Inflammatory and Thrombolytic Effects through In vitro Approach. Clinical Phytoscience, 6(60); 1–9
Jena, A. B., R. R. Samal, N. K. Bhol, and A. K. Duttaroy (2023). Cellular Red-Ox System in Health and Disease: The Latest Update. Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy, 162(June); 114606
Kadum, H., A. A. Hamid, F. Abas, N. S. Ramli, A. K. S. Mohammed, B. J. Muhialdin, and A. H. Jaafar (2019). Bioactive Compounds Responsible for Antioxidant Activity of Different Varieties of Date (Phoenix dactylifera L.) Elucidated by 1H-NMR Based Metabolomics. International Journal of Food
Properties, 22(1); 462–476
Khiya, Z., Y. Oualcadi, A. Gamar, F. Berrekhis, T. Zair, and F. E. Hilali (2021). Correlation of Total Polyphenolic Content with Antioxidant Activity of Hydromethanolic Extract and Their Fractions of the Salvia Officinalis Leaves from Different Regions of Morocco. Journal of Chemistry, 2021(November); 1–11
Kumar, N. and N. Goel (2019). Phenolic Acids: Natural Versatile Molecules with Promising Therapeutic Applications. Biotechnology Reports, 24(December); e00370
Łodyga Chruscińska, E., M. Pilo, A. Zucca, E. Garribba, E. Klewicka, M. Rowińska Żyrek, M. Symonowicz, L. Chrusciński, and V. T. Cheshchevik (2018). Physicochemical, Antioxidant, DNA Cleaving Properties and Antimicrobial Activity of Fisetin-Copper Chelates. Journal of Inorganic Biochemistry, 180(March); 101–118
Maryam, S., R. Razak, M. Baits, and A. F. Salim (2023). Analysis of Vitamin C and Antioxidant Activity of Capsicum frutescens L. and Capsicum annuum L. Indonesian Journal of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, 5(1); 57–64
Muflihah, Y. M., G. Gollavelli, and Y. C. Ling (2021). Correlation Study of Antioxidant Activity with Phenolic and Flavonoid Compounds in 12 Indonesian Indigenous Herbs. Antioxidants, 10(10); 1530
Mutha, R. E., A. U. Tatiya, and S. J. Surana (2021). Flavonoids As Natural Phenolic Compounds and Their Role in Therapeutics: An Overview. Future Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 7(25); 1–13
Okello, D., Y. Chung, H. Kim, J. Lee, E. Rahmat, R. Komakech, Y. G. Kim, F. Omujal, and Y. Kang (2021). Antioxidant Activity, Polyphenolic Content, and FT-NIR Analysis of Different Aspilia africana Medicinal Plant Tissues. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 2021(September); e9917810
Pakki, E., R. Tayeb, U. Usmar, I. A. Ridwan, and L. Muslimin (2020). Effect of Orally Administered Combination of Caulerpa racemosa and Eleutherine americana (Aubl) Merr Extracts on Phagocytic Activity of Macrophage. Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences, 15(4); 401–409
Rudrapal, M., S. J. Khairnar, J. Khan, A. B. Dukhyil, M. A. Ansari, S. Palai, and R. Devi (2022). Dietary Polyphenols and Their Role in Oxidative Stress-Induced Human Diseases: Insights into Protective Effects, Antioxidant Potentials and Mechanism (s) of Action. Frontiers in Pharmacology, 13(February); 806470
Shahidi, F. and Y. Zhong (2015). Measurement of Antioxidant Activity. Journal of Functional Foods, 18(October); 757–781
Sharifi-Rad, M., N. V. Anil Kumar, E. M. Varoni, L. Dini, E. Panzarini, J. Rajkovic, P. V. Tsouh Fokou, E. Azzini, I. Peluso, and A. Prakash Mishra (2020). Lifestyle, Oxidative Stress, and Antioxidants: Back and Forth in the Pathophysiology of Chronic Diseases. Frontiers in Physiology, 11(July); 552535
Shraim, A. M., T. A. Ahmed, M. M. Rahman, and Y. M. Hijji (2021). Determination of Total Flavonoid Content by Aluminum Chloride Assay: A Critical Evaluation. LWT-Food Sciences Technology, 150(October); 111932
Sobeh, M., S. A. Hassan, M. A. El Raey, W. A. Khalil, M. A. Hassan, and M. Wink (2017). Polyphenolics from Albizia harveyi Exhibit Antioxidant Activities and Counteract Oxidative Damage and Ultra-Structural Changes of Cryopreserved Bull Semen. Molecules, 22(11); 1993
Speisky Cosoy, H. E., F. Shahidi, A. Costa de Camargo, and J. N. Fuentes García (2022). Revisiting the Oxidation of Flavonoids: Loss, Conservation or Enhancement of Their Antioxidant Properties. Antioxidants (Basel), 11; e133
Tungmunnithum, D., A. Thongboonyou, A. Pholboon, and A. Yangsabai (2018). Flavonoids and Other Phenolic Compounds from Medicinal Plants for Pharmaceutical and Medical Aspects: An Overview. Medicines, 5(3); 93
Authors
Lukman, L. ., Rosita, N. ., & Widyowati, R. (2024). Assessment of Antioxidant Activity, Total Phenolic and Flavonoid Contents of Albizia saponaria L. Bark Extract. Science and Technology Indonesia, 9(2), 494–501. https://doi.org/10.26554/sti.2024.9.2.494-501
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