Europium-Subsituted Bismuth-Based Superconductors: Structural and Thermal Analysis via Chemical Sol-Gel Synthesis
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Abstract
The synthesis and characterization of Bi1.7-xPb0.3EuxSr2Ca2Cu3O10+δ superconductors with Eu substitution at varying ratios were investigated to determine their structural, electrical, and thermal properties. A sol-gel technique followed by calcination was employed to prepare samples with different substitution ratios. X-ray diffraction (XRD) was used for structural analysis, electrical properties with aid of nitrogen fluid measured by electrical resistivity, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) conducted for thermal properties , and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) were utilized for characterization" to improve clarity. XRD analysis revealed that the highest proportion of the high-temperature superconducting (HTS) phase occurred at a substitution factor of 0.2, corresponding to the highest critical temperature (Tc) value of 112 K. Raman spectra were conducting and showed a certain shifting with different substitution levels of Eu element. The thermal analysis highlighted the impact of substitution factor x on thermal stability, with the sample at x=0.2 exhibiting the highest thermal stability. TGA curves showed mass loss behavior for different x values, with distinct regions indicating the presence of residuals. The successful synthesis and characterization of these superconductors hold promise for practical applications.
References
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Tuama, M. J. and L. K. Abbas (2021). Superconducting Properties of Bi2xPb0.3WxSr2Ca2Cu3O10+???? Compounds. Iraqi Journal of Science, 62(2); 490–495
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Zelati, A., A. Amirabadizadeh, A. Kompany, H. Salamati, and J. Sonier (2014). Effect of Eu2O3 Nanoparticles Addition on Structural and Superconducting Properties of BSCCO. Journal of Superconductivity and Novel Magnetism, 27(6); 1369–1379
Zhao, X., Z. Lv, Y. Qi, X. Lu, W. Wei, D. Ma, W. Gong, F. Wu, and T. Wang (2023). A Process for the Preparation of High-Quality and Uniform Large-Scale Bi2212 Superconducting Films Via the Sol Gel Method. Journal of Materials Research and Technology, 26(September-October); 8337–8350
Zhao, X., T. Wang, S. Hong, D. Sun, N. Wang, G. Chae, and Y. Qi (2019). Superconducting Properties and NonIsothermal Crystallization Kinetics of a Bi2Sr2CaCu2o8+δ(bi2212) Superconductor Prepared by the Pechini Sol–Gel Method. RSC Advances, 9(60); 35280–35288
Agwamba, E. C., I. J. Mbonu, Y. N. Kavil, G. E. Mathias, A. M. Bakheet, O. J. Ikenyirimba, I. Hossain, M. C. Muozie, T. E. Gber, and H. Louis (2023). Superconductivity, Quantum Capacitance, and Electronic Structure Investigation of Transition Metals (X= Y, Zr, Nb, Mo) Encapsulated Silicon Nanoclusters (Si59X): Intuition from Quantum and Molecular Mechanics. Materials Today Communications, 37(December); 107498
Aljurani, B., G. Hermiz, and M. Alias (2021). Superconductivity Measurements of (Hg, Ti)-1223 Compound Prepared in Capsule. Iraqi Journal of Science, 62(9); 2934–2939
Antoncik, F., O. Jankovsky, T. Hiasek, and V. Bartunek (2020). Nanosized Pinning Centers in the Rare Earth-Barium-Copper-Oxide Thin-Film Superconductors. Nanomaterials, 10(8); 1429
de Vera, F. I., H. Bardolaza, C. Arcilla, and R. Sarmago (2019). Effect of In2O3 on the grain connectivity and superconducting behavior of Bi2Sr2-xInxCaCu2O8+ d. SN Applied Sciences, 1(96); 1–8
Fallah Arani, H., S. Baghshahi, A. Sedghi, D. Stornaiuolo, F. Tafuri, and N. Riahi-Noori (2018). Enhancement in Superconducting Properties of Bi2Sr2Ca1Cu2O8+θ(Bi-2212) by Means of Boron Oxide Additive. Physica C: Superconductivity and Its Applications, 548(May); 31–39
Figueruelo Campanero, I., A. del Campo, G. Nieva, E. M. González, A. Serrano, and M. Menghini (2024). Apparent Color and Raman Vibrational Modes of the Unconventional Superconductor Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+???? Exfoliated Flakes. ArXiv Preprint ArXiv, 2402(12941); 1–10
Geoffrey N áCloke, F. (1993). Zero Oxidation State Compounds of Scandium, Yttrium, and the Lanthanides. Chemical Society Reviews, 22(1); 17–24
Jassem, A. and F. S. Abed (2019). Enhancement of Tc by Substitution of (Pb and Nd) in Bismuth Based High-Tc Superconductors Material. Journal of Non-Oxide Glasses, 11(3); 41–47
Jin, L., G. Liu, J. Feng, X. Xu, G. Jiao, S. Zhang, Q. Hao, P. Zhang, and C. Li (2023). Dominant Effect of Residual Secondary Phase of Powders on Jc and Microstructure of Bi-2212 Superconducting Wires. Superconductivity, 8(December); 100060
Kavitha, M., S. Sarvesh, M. Arshad, M. Surendar, and G. Ragavan (2024). Effect of Ba and Mg Substitution on the Phase Formations of Combustion Synthesized BSCCO Superconductor. Journal of The Institution of Engineers (India): Series D, 557(2); 1–7
Khaleel, A. K. and L. K. Abbas (2023). Synthesis and Characterization of PVDF/PMMA/ZnO Hybrid Nanocomposite Thin Films for Humidity Sensor Application. Optik, 272(February); 170288
Maljuk, A. and C. Lin (2016). Floating Zone Growth of Bi2Sr2Ca2Cu3Oy Superconductor. Crystals, 6(5); 62
Mayoral, M., J. Andrés, M. Bona, L. Angurel, and E. Natividad (2004). Approximation to the Laser Floating Zone Preparation of High Temperature BSCCO Superconductors by DSC. Thermochimica Acta, 409(2); 157–164
Mohammed, L. A. and K. A. Jasim (2018). Synthesis and Study the Structural and Electrical and Mechanical Properties of High Temperature Superconductor Tl0. 5pb0. 5ba2can1cun-Xnixo2n+ 3-δ Substituted with Nickel Oxide for N= 3. Ibn AL-Haitham Journal For Pure and Applied Sciences, 31(3); 26–32
Muhammed, S. A. and N. K. Abbas (2023). Synthesis and Investigation of Structural and Optical Properties of CdO:Ag Nanoparticles of Various Concentrations. Baghdad Science Journal, 20(5 (Suppl.)); 2002–2011
O’Mahony, S. M., W. Ren, W. Chen, Y. X. Chong, X. Liu, H. Eisaki, S. i. Uchida, M. Hamidian, and J. S. Davis (2022). On the Electron Pairing Mechanism of Copper-Oxide High Temperature Superconductivity. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 119(37); e2207449119
Polasek, A., P. Majewski, E. T. Serra, F. Rizzo, and F. Aldinger (2004). Phase Relations Study on the Melting and Crystallization Regions of the Bi-2223 High Temperature Superconductor. Materials Research, 7(3); 393–408
Qiu, D., C. Gong, S. Wang, M. Zhang, C. Yang, X. Wang, and J. Xiong (2021). Recent Advances in 2D Superconductors. Advanced Materials, 33(18); 2006124
Rodrigues, V. D., G. A. d. Souza, C. L. Carvalho, and R. Zadorosny (2017). Effect of La Doping on the Crystal Structure, Electric, Magnetic and Morphologic Properties of the BSCCO System. Materials Research, 20(5); 1406–1413
Sam, C., M. Mosbah, S. Attaf, and N. Benbellat (2019). The Effect of Ba Doping on Sr Site on Structural and Superconducting Properties of Bi2212 Phase. Physica B: Condensed Matter, 557(March); 12–16
Sarun, P., S. Vinu, R. Shabna, A. Biju, and U. Syamaprasad (2008). Highly Enhanced Superconducting Properties of Eu-Doped (Bi, Pb)-2212. Materials Letters, 62(17-18); 2725–2728
Shimoyama, J. i. and T. Motoki (2024). Current Status of High Temperature Superconducting Materials and their Various Applications. IEEJ Transactions on Electrical and Electronic Engineering, 19(3); 292–304
Stryczewska, H. D., M. A. Stępień, and O. Boiko (2022). Plasma and Superconductivity for the Sustainable Development of Energy and the Environment. Energies, 15(11); 4092
Tuama, M. J. and L. K. Abbas (2021). Superconducting Properties of Bi2xPb0.3WxSr2Ca2Cu3O10+???? Compounds. Iraqi Journal of Science, 62(2); 490–495
Xingming, Z., D. Wang, T. Wang, H. Songchol, L. Jiang, D. Yuxiang, and Q. Yang (2020). Preparation of Bi2Sr2CaCu2o8+???? (Bi2212) Superconductor by Pechini Sol–Gel Method: Thermal Decomposition and Phase Formation Kinetics of the Precursors. Journal of Materials Science. Materials in Electronics, 31(22); 19997–20008
Zelati, A., A. Amirabadizadeh, A. Kompany, H. Salamati, and J. Sonier (2014). Effect of Eu2O3 Nanoparticles Addition on Structural and Superconducting Properties of BSCCO. Journal of Superconductivity and Novel Magnetism, 27(6); 1369–1379
Zhao, X., Z. Lv, Y. Qi, X. Lu, W. Wei, D. Ma, W. Gong, F. Wu, and T. Wang (2023). A Process for the Preparation of High-Quality and Uniform Large-Scale Bi2212 Superconducting Films Via the Sol Gel Method. Journal of Materials Research and Technology, 26(September-October); 8337–8350
Zhao, X., T. Wang, S. Hong, D. Sun, N. Wang, G. Chae, and Y. Qi (2019). Superconducting Properties and NonIsothermal Crystallization Kinetics of a Bi2Sr2CaCu2o8+δ(bi2212) Superconductor Prepared by the Pechini Sol–Gel Method. RSC Advances, 9(60); 35280–35288
Authors
Salim Abed, F., & Abbas, L. K. . (2024). Europium-Subsituted Bismuth-Based Superconductors: Structural and Thermal Analysis via Chemical Sol-Gel Synthesis. Science and Technology Indonesia, 9(3), 621–628. https://doi.org/10.26554/sti.2024.9.3.621-628
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