Corn-Cob-Waste-Based Fe2.75Mn0.25O4/rGO Nanocomposite Application as Anti-Radar Coatings
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Keywords:
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Manganese, Fe2.75Mn0.25O4, r-GO, Nanocomposite, Corn Cobs
Abstract
Radar-absorbent materials (RAMs) have become essential technologies in fields that require them, such as the military. Their working principle is that they absorb electromagnetic waves and prevent their reflection. In developing the manufacturing of RAMs, high-performance materials are needed for effective use as RAMs. In general, RAMs possess two essential properties: magnetic and dielectric. This research reports the author’s successful synthesis of an Fe2.75Mn0.25O4/rGO nanocomposite as an anti-radar material using the coprecipitation method. Interestingly, the main precursors used were natural materials, namely iron sand and corn cob waste. XRD, FTIR, and SEM-EDX characterized the research samples to determine the nanocomposite’s structure and phase, functional groups, and morphology after doping. XRD characterization results showed that Fe2.75Mn0.25O4/rGO nanoparticles had a cubic crystal structure and that there were no new peaks, which indicates that Mn had been successfully substituted into Fe. FTIR test results showed that the Fe2.75Mn0.25O4/rGO nanocomposite had Mn and Fe-O functional groups in octahedral and tetrahedral positions at wave numbers of 418 480 cm-1 and that there were C=C functional groups at the wave number of 1629 cm-1. SEM results showed that the nanocomposite comprised Fe2.75Mn0.25O4/rGO particles in agglomerated spheres and corn-cob-based rGO in sheet form, with a grain size of around 26–31 nm. EDX test results showed the appearance of Fe, Mn, O, and C elements. It was also found that the 3-mm-thick Fe2.75Mn0.25O4/rGO nanocomposite sample achieved the highest reflection loss (RL) value of -43.6 dB at a frequency of 8.5 GHz, indicating a significant radar wave absorption capability.
References
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Manjunatha, C., V. Chirag, B. W. Shivaraj, N. Srinivasa, and S. Ashoka (2020). One Pot Green Synthesis of Novel rGO@ZnO Nanocomposite and Fabrication of Electrochemical Sensor for Ascorbic Acid Using Screen-Printed Electrode. Journal of Nanostructures, 10(3); 531–539
Mojtahedi, S., M. Karimipour, E. Heydari-Bafrooei, and M. Molaei (2020). Application of Ascorbic Acid in the Synthesis of rGO/Micro-Octahedral Cu2O Nanocomposites and Its Effect on the Wide Linear Response Range of Glucose Detection. Microchemical Journal, 159; 105405
Niranjana, J. S., H. Koyakutty, A. A. Thomas, and M. J. Bushiri (2023). Novel Synthesis of Multi-Layered rGO/Fe3O4 Nanocomposite in a Single Step and Its Efficient Electrochemical Sensing of Vitamin C. Materials Science and Engineering: B, 290; 116283
Puteri Agista, W., S. U. Intan Subadra, A. Taufiq, A. Hidayat, E. Handoko, M. Alaydrus, T. Amrillah, and I. Jeerapan (2023). Exploring the Role of Mn2+ in the Structure, Magnetic Properties, and Radar Absorption Performance of MnxFe3-xO4-DEA/MWCNT Nanocomposites. RSC Advances, 13(42); 29332–29341
Rani, S., S. Kapoor, B. Sharma, S. Kumar, R. Malhotra, and N. Dilbaghi (2020). Fabrication of Zn-MOF@rGO Based Sensitive Nanosensor for the Real Time Monitoring of Hydrazine. Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 816; 152509
Saputra, K., S. Sunaryono, S. Hidayat, H. Wisodo, and A. Taufiq (2021). Investigation of Nanostructural and Magnetic Properties of Mn0.25Fe2.75O4/AC Nanoparticles. Materials Today: Proceedings, 44; 3350–3354
Saravanan, A., P. Thirumurugan, S. Rajeshkannan, and S. Sridhar (2023). Effect of Corn Cob Carbon Quantum Dots and Areca Husk Microfiber on EMI Shielding Effectiveness of Flexible PVA Thin Film at 8–20GHz Frequency Bands. Biomass Conversion and Biorefinery; 1–8
Subagio, A., M. A. Kholil, W. Ristiawan, and P. Priyono (2020). Anti-Radar Application of Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes and Zinc Oxide Synthesized Using a Hydrothermal Method. Materials Research Express, 7(10); 105009
Sunaryono, S., N. M. Chusna, M. F. Hidayat, A. Choerullah, S. Hidayat, N. Mufti, A. Aripriharta, A. N. Afandi, J. Rajagukguk, N. A. N. N. Malek, and A. Taufiq (2023). Investigating the Specific Absorption Rate and Antimicrobial Activity of Mn0.25Fe2.75O4/Ag Ferrogel Based on Carboxymethyl Cellulose/Polyvinyl Alcohol Composite Polymer. Journal of Thermoplastic Composite Materials, 36(12); 4905–4926
Sunaryono, S., K. Saputra, A. Hidayat, C. I. Yogihati, S. T. Wicaksono, N. Hidayat, S. Hidayat, and S. Soontaranon (2019). Magneto-Thermal Effect in Mn0.25Fe2.75O4-PEG Nanoparticles and Their Potential as Hyperthermia Therapy. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, 515(1); 012008
Taufiq, A., Sunaryono, E. G. Rachman Putra, A. Okazawa, I. Watanabe, N. Kojima, S. Pratapa, and Darminto (2015). Nanoscale Clustering and Magnetic Properties of MnxFe3-xO4 Particles Prepared from Natural Magnetite. Journal of Superconductivity and Novel Magnetism, 28(9); 2855–2863
Vroylandt, H. (2022). On the Derivation of the Generalized Langevin Equation and the Fluctuation-Dissipation Theorem. Europhysics Letters, 140(6); 62003
Zhan, Y., Y. Meng, W. Li, Z. Chen, N. Yan, Y. Li, and M. Teng (2018). Magnetic Recoverable MnFe2O4/Cellulose Nanocrystal Composites as an Efficient Catalyst for Decomposition of Methylene Blue. Industrial Crops and Products, 122; 422–429
Zhang, M., F. Zhao, T. An, Y. Yang, H. Li, Q. Pan, X. Wang, and Z. Jiang (2020). Catalytic Effects of rGO–MFe2O4 (M= Ni, Co, and Zn) Nanocomposites on the Thermal Decomposition Performance and Mechanism of Energetic FOX-7. The Journal of Physical Chemistry A, 124(9); 1673–1681
Ali, G. W., O. W. Guirguis, M. Gobara, S. F. M. Mustafa, N. A. El-Zaher, and W. I. Abdel-Fattah (2020). On the Optical Characterization and Biological Implications of Titania Phases. Optical Materials, 109; 110269
Amri, A., A. Lesbani, and R. Mohadi (2023). Malachite Green Dye Adsorption from Aqueous Solution Using a Ni/Al Layered Double Hydroxide-Graphene Oxide Composite Material. Science and Technology Indonesia, 8(2); 280–287
An, Y., Q. Luo, Y. Zhong, X. Ma, S. Li, J. Wu, H. Na, Z. Sun, J. Zhu, and J. Chen (2022). The Green Design of Corncob Cellulose/Reduced Graphene Oxide-Derived Hierarchical Porous Aerogels for Efficient Dye Adsorption. New Journal of Chemistry, 46(31); 15024–15031
Ardiyanti, A. D., S. Sunaryono, A. Choerullah, H. Wisodo, N. Mufti, and A. Taufiq (2023). Structure and Specific Absorption Rate Identification of Mn0.25Fe2.75O4/NiCo2O4 Magnetic Nanocomposites. Key Engineering Materials, 941; 165–172
Askari, M. B., P. Salarizadeh, H. Beitollahi, S. Tajik, A. Eshghi, and S. Azizi (2022). Electro-Oxidation of Hydrazine on NiFe2O4-rGO as a High-Performance Nano-Electrocatalyst in Alkaline Media. Materials Chemistry and Physics, 275; 125313
Aziz, Z. A. A., H. Mohd-Nasir, A. Ahmad, S. H. Mohd. Setapar, W. L. Peng, S. C. Chuo, A. Khatoon, K. Umar, A. A. Yaqoob, and M. N. Mohamad Ibrahim (2019). Role of Nanotechnology for Design and Development of Cosmeceutical: Application in Makeup and Skin Care. Frontiers in Chemistry, 7
Brankov, B., A. Stanojević, M. Nenković-Riznić, and M. Pucar (2020). The Possibilities for Implementation of Photovoltaic Solar Panels in Multi-Family Housing Areas. In Proceedings of 8th International Conference on Renewable Electrical Power Sources. pages 167–175
Chang, M., Z. Jia, S. He, J. Zhou, S. Zhang, M. Tian, B. Wang, and G. Wu (2021). Two-Dimensional Interface Engineering of NiS/MoS2/Ti3C2Tx Heterostructures for Promoting Electromagnetic Wave Absorption Capability. Composites Part B: Engineering, 225; 109306
Elbasuney, S., G. S. El-Sayyad, M. Yehia, and S. K. Abdel Aal (2020). Facile Synthesis of RGO-Fe2O3 Nanocomposite: A Novel Catalyzing Agent for Composite Propellants. Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics, 31; 20805–20815
Gang, Q., M. Niaz Akhtar, and R. Boudaghi (2021). Development of High-Efficient Double Layer Microwave Absorber Based on Fe3O4/Carbon Fiber and Fe3O4/rGO. Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, 537; 168181
Ghosh, S., S. Ganguly, P. Das, T. K. Das, M. Bose, N. K. Singha, A. K. Das, and N. C. Das (2019). Fabrication of Reduced Graphene Oxide/Silver Nanoparticles Decorated Conductive Cotton Fabric for High Performing Electromagnetic Interference Shielding and Antibacterial Application. Fibers and Polymers, 20(6); 1161–1171
Hafeez, H. Y., S. K. Lakhera, M. Ashokkumar, and B. Neppolian (2019). Ultrasound Assisted Synthesis of Reduced Graphene Oxide (rGO) Supported InVO4-TiO2 Nanocomposite for Efficient Hydrogen Production. Ultrasonics Sonochemistry, 53; 1–10
Handoko, E., I. Sugihartono, M. A. Marpaung, U. Cahyana, S. Aritonang, J. Zulkarnain, R. Rusmono, A. Taufiq, S. Sunaryono, and M. Randa (2019). Complex Permittivity, Permeability and Microwave Absorption Studies of Double Layer Magnetic Absorbers Based on BaFe12O19 and BaFe10CoZnO19. Materials Science Forum, 966; 302–307
Izhar Friswara, A. C., K. Anwar, and L. O. Nur (2021). Multiple Frequencies Signal Absorber for Anti-Radar Applications in High Speed Flying Devices. In 2021 IEEE Symposium On Future Telecommunication Technologies (SOFTT). pages 12–16
Kholil, M. A., P. Priyono, and A. Subagio (2022). Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes and Zinc Oxide Using a High Energy Milling Method for Radar-Absorbent. Materials Research Express, 9(2); 025003
Manjunatha, C., V. Chirag, B. W. Shivaraj, N. Srinivasa, and S. Ashoka (2020). One Pot Green Synthesis of Novel rGO@ZnO Nanocomposite and Fabrication of Electrochemical Sensor for Ascorbic Acid Using Screen-Printed Electrode. Journal of Nanostructures, 10(3); 531–539
Mojtahedi, S., M. Karimipour, E. Heydari-Bafrooei, and M. Molaei (2020). Application of Ascorbic Acid in the Synthesis of rGO/Micro-Octahedral Cu2O Nanocomposites and Its Effect on the Wide Linear Response Range of Glucose Detection. Microchemical Journal, 159; 105405
Niranjana, J. S., H. Koyakutty, A. A. Thomas, and M. J. Bushiri (2023). Novel Synthesis of Multi-Layered rGO/Fe3O4 Nanocomposite in a Single Step and Its Efficient Electrochemical Sensing of Vitamin C. Materials Science and Engineering: B, 290; 116283
Puteri Agista, W., S. U. Intan Subadra, A. Taufiq, A. Hidayat, E. Handoko, M. Alaydrus, T. Amrillah, and I. Jeerapan (2023). Exploring the Role of Mn2+ in the Structure, Magnetic Properties, and Radar Absorption Performance of MnxFe3-xO4-DEA/MWCNT Nanocomposites. RSC Advances, 13(42); 29332–29341
Rani, S., S. Kapoor, B. Sharma, S. Kumar, R. Malhotra, and N. Dilbaghi (2020). Fabrication of Zn-MOF@rGO Based Sensitive Nanosensor for the Real Time Monitoring of Hydrazine. Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 816; 152509
Saputra, K., S. Sunaryono, S. Hidayat, H. Wisodo, and A. Taufiq (2021). Investigation of Nanostructural and Magnetic Properties of Mn0.25Fe2.75O4/AC Nanoparticles. Materials Today: Proceedings, 44; 3350–3354
Saravanan, A., P. Thirumurugan, S. Rajeshkannan, and S. Sridhar (2023). Effect of Corn Cob Carbon Quantum Dots and Areca Husk Microfiber on EMI Shielding Effectiveness of Flexible PVA Thin Film at 8–20GHz Frequency Bands. Biomass Conversion and Biorefinery; 1–8
Subagio, A., M. A. Kholil, W. Ristiawan, and P. Priyono (2020). Anti-Radar Application of Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes and Zinc Oxide Synthesized Using a Hydrothermal Method. Materials Research Express, 7(10); 105009
Sunaryono, S., N. M. Chusna, M. F. Hidayat, A. Choerullah, S. Hidayat, N. Mufti, A. Aripriharta, A. N. Afandi, J. Rajagukguk, N. A. N. N. Malek, and A. Taufiq (2023). Investigating the Specific Absorption Rate and Antimicrobial Activity of Mn0.25Fe2.75O4/Ag Ferrogel Based on Carboxymethyl Cellulose/Polyvinyl Alcohol Composite Polymer. Journal of Thermoplastic Composite Materials, 36(12); 4905–4926
Sunaryono, S., K. Saputra, A. Hidayat, C. I. Yogihati, S. T. Wicaksono, N. Hidayat, S. Hidayat, and S. Soontaranon (2019). Magneto-Thermal Effect in Mn0.25Fe2.75O4-PEG Nanoparticles and Their Potential as Hyperthermia Therapy. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, 515(1); 012008
Taufiq, A., Sunaryono, E. G. Rachman Putra, A. Okazawa, I. Watanabe, N. Kojima, S. Pratapa, and Darminto (2015). Nanoscale Clustering and Magnetic Properties of MnxFe3-xO4 Particles Prepared from Natural Magnetite. Journal of Superconductivity and Novel Magnetism, 28(9); 2855–2863
Vroylandt, H. (2022). On the Derivation of the Generalized Langevin Equation and the Fluctuation-Dissipation Theorem. Europhysics Letters, 140(6); 62003
Zhan, Y., Y. Meng, W. Li, Z. Chen, N. Yan, Y. Li, and M. Teng (2018). Magnetic Recoverable MnFe2O4/Cellulose Nanocrystal Composites as an Efficient Catalyst for Decomposition of Methylene Blue. Industrial Crops and Products, 122; 422–429
Zhang, M., F. Zhao, T. An, Y. Yang, H. Li, Q. Pan, X. Wang, and Z. Jiang (2020). Catalytic Effects of rGO–MFe2O4 (M= Ni, Co, and Zn) Nanocomposites on the Thermal Decomposition Performance and Mechanism of Energetic FOX-7. The Journal of Physical Chemistry A, 124(9); 1673–1681
Authors
Saefullah, L., Kormil Saputra, Wida Puteri Agista, Masruroh, Dionysius J. D. H. Santjojo, & Istiroyah. (2024). Corn-Cob-Waste-Based Fe2.75Mn0.25O4/rGO Nanocomposite Application as Anti-Radar Coatings. Science and Technology Indonesia, 9(4), 798–805. https://doi.org/10.26554/sti.2024.9.4.798-805
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