Reducing Ammonia (NH3) Levels in Fish Cage Water Using Activated Carbon Adsorbent Derived from Purple Corn Cob
Article Sidebar
Keywords:
-
Activated Carbon , Adsorbent , NH3 , Na2CO3 , Purple Corn Cob
Abstract
Successfully made adsorbent of activated carbon made from purple corn cob which aims to minimize ammonia (NH3) levels found in water in fish farming with cage ponds. Activated carbon using carbonization method with a change in temperature that is between 550°C, 600°C, and 650°C and activation using Na2CO3 solution as activator. Activated carbon that has been obtained has exceeded the standard of SNI No.06-3730-1995, with characteristics including carbon yield ranging from 79.71% to 89.85%, moisture content ranging from 11.3% to 25.4%, volatile matter content ranging from 10.10% to 24.5%, ash content ranging from 9.7% to 9.9%, and fixed carbon content ranging from 65.7% to 79.7%. Then test results were obtained such as CO2 functional groups were found to enhance the adsorption process. Activated carbon displays the presence of a predominantly amorphous structure but also revealed a crystalline carbon structure. The highest peak was obtained at 29.7° with Miller index (201). The activated carbon displays the presence of pores on the scattered surface with carbon elements dominating. Adsorption mechanism to reduce ammonia (NH3) using activated carbon due to intermolecular interaction process. So that when testing the application for ammonia absorption, the best results were obtained in the sample with an adsorbent mass of 1.50 g at a carbonization temperature of 650°C with an adsorption capacity value of 546.34 mg/g and ammonia reduction of 82%. This research can open up opportunities for the potential development of new materials, especially for fish farming through cage techniques.
References
Abelta, G. A., L. A. Qadri, M. Febrina, A. Rajak, S. Maulana, M. A. Asagabaldan, and T. Taher (2024). Enhanced Ammonium Adsorption from Aqueous Solutions Using Ethylenediaminetetra-Acetic Acid (EDTA) Modified Lampung (Indonesia) Natural Zeolite: Isotherm, Kinetic, and Thermodynamic Studies. Science and Technology Indonesia, 9(2); 224–234
Afifi, M., D. A. El-Emam, R. Abdel Wahaab, and M. S. Ibrahim (2023). Efficient Ammonia Removal in the Rosetta Branch of the River Nile Using Activated Carbon: A Comprehensive Study. Egyptian Journal of Chemistry, 67(5); 375–383
Ahmad, A., D. Jini, M. Aravind, C. Parvathiraja, R. Ali, M. Z. Kiyani, and A. Alothman (2020). A Novel Study on Synthesis of Egg Shell-Based Activated Carbon for Degradation of Methylene Blue via Photocatalysis. Arabian Journal of Chemistry, 13(12); 8717–8722
Almahbashi, N. M. Y., S. R. M. Kutty, M. Ayoub, A. Noor, I. U. Salihi, A. Al-Nini, A. H. Jagaba, B. N. S. Aldhawi, and A. A. S. Ghaleb (2021). Optimization of Preparation Conditions of Sewage Sludge-Based Activated Carbon. Ain Shams Engineering Journal, 12(2); 1175–1182
Anggoro, D. D., I. Sumantri, and L. Buchori (2021). Indonesia’s Natural Zeolite as an Adsorbent for Toxic Gases in Shrimp Ponds. Journal of Ecological Engineering, 22(6); 202–208
Anita, S., T. Abu Hanifah, Itnawita, and G. Fia Kartika (2023). Preparation and Characterization of Activated Carbon from the Nipa Fruit Shell Irradiated by Microwave: Effect of Temperatures and Time of Carbonization. Materials Today: Proceedings, 87; 390–395
Anubriya, D., J. B. Mathangi, and M. Helen Kalavathy (2020). Performance of Nanoporous Carbon Material Derived from Cocos Nucifera: An Approach for the Recovery of Nickel Using Continuous Operation. Materials Letters, 262; 127101
Ayesh, A. I. and M. D. El-Muraikhi (2023). Adsorption of Ammonia on ZrOx-Modified Graphene Nanoribbon: A First-Principle Investigation. Journal of Molecular Modeling, 29(1)
Białas, A., J. Szlendak, C. Czosnek, and M. Motak (2020). Activated Carbon as a Support of Catalysts for the Removal of Nitrogen Oxides. Mineralogia, 51(1); 9–16
Binaeian, E., Y. Li, H. A. Tayebi, and D. Yuan (2021). Enhancing Toxic Gas Uptake Performance of Zr-Based MOF Through Uncoordinated Carboxylate and Copper Insertion; Ammonia Adsorption. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 416; 1–11
Boulanger, N., A. V. Talyzin, S. Xiong, M. Hultberg, and A. Grimm (2024). High Surface Area Activated Carbon Prepared from Wood-Based Spent Mushroom Substrate for Supercapacitors and Water Treatment. Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects, 680; 132684
Chiu, Y. H. and L. Y. Lin (2019). Effect of Activating Agents for Producing Activated Carbon Using a Facile One-Step Synthesis with Waste Coffee Grounds for Symmetric Supercapacitors. Journal of the Taiwan Institute of Chemical Engineers, 101; 177–185
Cong, M., H. Wu, H. Yang, J. Zhao, and J. Lv (2017). Gill Damage and Neurotoxicity of Ammonia Nitrogen on the Clam Ruditapes Philippinarum. Ecotoxicology, 26(3); 459–469
Das, S. and S. Mishra (2020). Insight into the Isotherm Modelling, Kinetic and Thermodynamic Exploration of Iron Adsorption from Aqueous Media by Activated Carbon Developed from Limonia Acidissima Shell. Materials Chemistry and Physics, 245; 122751
Dey, S., N. Haripavan, S. R. Basha, and G. V. Babu (2021). Removal of Ammonia and Nitrates from Contaminated Water by Using Solid Waste Bio-Adsorbents. Current Research in Chemical Biology, 1; 100005
El-Shafey, O. I., N. A. Fathy, and T. A. El-Nabarawy (2014). Sorption of Ammonium Ions onto Natural and Modified Egyptian Kaolinites: Kinetic and Equilibrium Studies. Advances in Physical Chemistry, 2014; 935854
Fayed, W. M. A., R. H. Khalil, G. R. Sallam, A. T. Mansour, B. K. Elkhayat, and E. A. Omar (2019). Estimating the Effective Level of Yucca Schidigera Extract for Improvement of the Survival, Haematological Parameters, Immunological Responses and Water Quality of European Seabass Juveniles (Dicentrarchus Labrax). Aquaculture Reports, 15; 100208
Fito, J., M. Abewaa, A. Mengistu, K. Angassa, A. D. Ambaye, W. Moyo, and T. Nkambule (2023). Adsorption of Methylene Blue from Textile Industrial Wastewater Using Activated Carbon Developed from Rumex Abyssinicus Plant. Scientific Reports, 13(1); 1–17
Fulazzaky, M. A. (2019). Study of the Dispersion and Specific Interactions Affected by Chemical Functions of the Granular Activated Carbons. Environmental Nanotechnology, Monitoring and Management, 12; 100230
Gullón, P., G. Eibes, J. M. Lorenzo, N. Pérez-Rodríguez, T. A. Lú-Chau, and B. Gullón (2020). Green Sustainable Process to Revalorize Purple Corn Cobs within a Biorefinery Frame: Co-Production of Bioactive Extracts. Science of the Total Environment, 709
Hamid, M., S. Humaidi, I. R. Saragi, C. Simanjuntak, I. Isnaeni, Azizah, and H. Wijoyo (2024). The Effectiveness of Activated Carbon from Nutmeg Shell in Reducing Ammonia (NH3) Levels in Fish Pond Water. Carbon Trends, 14; 100324
Hamid, M., M. Rianna, W. R. Rangkuti, T. Sembiring, and P. Sebayang (2022). Study and Characterization rGO/Fe3O4 in Microstructure and-Magnetic Properties. South African Journal of Chemical Engineering, 42; 280–282
Hamid, M., M. Rianna, M. D. E. Vania, I. D. Yanti, F. A. A. Manurung, R. Afriandani, and A. Daulay (2023). Sweet Potato-Derived Carbon Nanosheets Incorporate NiCo2O4
Nanocomposite as Electrode Materials for Supercapacitors. Materials Science for Energy Technologies, 6; 382–387
Han, B., C. Butterly, W. Zhang, J. z. He, and D. Chen (2021). Adsorbent Materials for Ammonium and Ammonia Removal: A Review. Journal of Cleaner Production, 283; 124611
Hernández Rodríguez, M., J. Yperman, R. Carleer, J. Maggen, D. Daddi, G. Gryglewicz, B. Van der Bruggen, J. Falcón Hernández, and A. Otero Calvis (2018). Adsorption of Ni(II) on Spent Coffee and Coffee Husk-Based Activated Carbon. Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering, 6(1); 1161–1170
Jiang, X., P. Sun, L. Xu, Y. Xue, H. Zhang, and W. Zhu (2020). Platanus Orientalis Leaves Based Hierarchical Porous Carbon Microspheres As High Efficiency Adsorbents for Organic Dyes Removal. Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering, 28(1); 254–265
Kyzas, G. Z., G. Bomis, R. I. Kosheleva, E. K. Efthimiadou, E. P. Favvas, M. Kostoglou, and A. C. Mitropoulos (2019). Nanobubbles Effect on Heavy Metal Ions Adsorption By Activated Carbon. Chemical Engineering Journal, 356; 91–97
Liang, Q., Y. Liu, M. Chen, L. Ma, B. Yang, L. Li, and Q. Liu (2020). Optimized Preparation of Activated Carbon From Coconut Shell and Municipal Sludge. Materials Chemistry and Physics, 241; 122327
Liu, M., Y. Li, H. Z. Wang, H. J. Wang, R. T. Qiao, and E. Jeppesen (2022). Ecosystem Complexity Explains the Scale-Dependence of Ammonia Toxicity on Macroinvertebrates. Water Research, 226; 119266
Lua, A. C. (2023). A Comparative Study of the Pore Characteristics and Phenol Adsorption Performance of Activated Carbons Prepared From Oil-Palm Shell Wastes By Steam and Combined Steam-Chemical Activation. Green Chemical Engineering, 5(1); 85–96
Lv, S., C. Li, J. Mi, and H. Meng (2020). A Functional Activated Carbon for Efficient Adsorption of Phenol Derived From Pyrolysis of Rice Husk, KOH-Activation and EDTA-4Na-Modification. Applied Surface Science, 510; 145425
Ma, Y., N. Gao, W. Chu, and C. Li (2013). Removal of Phenol By Powdered Activated Carbon Adsorption. Frontiers of Environmental Science and Engineering, 7(2); 158–165
Mistar, E. M., T. Alfatah, and M. D. Supardan (2020). Synthesis and Characterization of Activated Carbon From Bambusa Vulgaris Striata Using Two-Step KOH Activation. Journal of Materials Research and Technology, 9(3); 6278–6286
Neolaka, Y. A. B., A. A. P. Riwu, U. O. Aigbe, K. E. Ukhurebor, R. B. Onyancha, H. Darmokoesoemo, and H. S. Kusuma (2023). Potential of Activated Carbon From Various Sources As A Low-Cost Adsorbent to Remove Heavy Metals and Synthetic Dyes. Results In Chemistry, 5; 100711
Oladimeji, T. E., B. O. Odunoye, F. B. Elehinafe, O. R. Obanla, and O. A. Odunlami (2021). Production of Activated Carbon From Sawdust and Its Efficiency In the Treatment of Sewage Water. Heliyon, 7(1); 0–5
Pallarés, J., A. González-Cencerrado, and I. Arauzo (2018). Production and Characterization of Activated Carbon From Barley Straw By Physical Activation with Carbon Dioxide and Steam. Biomass and Bioenergy, 115; 64–73
Pimentel, C. H., M. S. Freire, D. Gómez-Díaz, and J. González-Álvarez (2023). Preparation of Activated Carbon From Pine (Pinus Radiata) Sawdust By Chemical Activation with Zinc Chloride for Wood Dye Adsorption. Biomass Conversion and Biorefinery, 13(18); 16537–16555
Prajapati, A. K., S. Das, and M. K. Mondal (2020). Exhaustive Studies on Toxic Cr(VI) Removal Mechanism From Aqueous Solution Using Activated Carbon of Aloe Vera Waste Leaves. Journal of Molecular Liquids, 307; 112956
Ren, Z., B. Jia, G. Zhang, X. Fu, Z. Wang, P. Wang, and L. Lv (2021). Study on Adsorption of Ammonia Nitrogen By Iron-Loaded Activated Carbon From Low Temperature Wastewater. Chemosphere, 262; 127895
Ruiz-Bastidas, R. C., G. Turnes, E. Palacio, and L. S. Cadavid-Rodríguez (2023). Natural Ecuadorian Zeolite: An Effective Ammonia Adsorbent to Enhance Methane Production From Swine Waste. Chemosphere, 336; 139098
Salem, S., Z. Teimouri, and A. Salem (2020). Fabrication of Magnetic Activated Carbon By Carbothermal Functionalization of Agriculture Waste Via Microwave-Assisted Technique for Cationic Dye Adsorption. Advanced Powder Technology, 31(10); 4301–4309
Shahrokhi-Shahraki, R., C. Benally, M. G. El-Din, and J. Park (2021). High Efficiency Removal of Heavy Metals Using Tire-Derived Activated Carbon Vs Commercial Activated Carbon: Insights Into the Adsorption Mechanisms. Chemosphere, 264; 128455
Singh, R. K., B. Ruj, A. K. Sadhukhan, and P. Gupta (2020). A TG-FTIR Investigation on the Co Pyrolysis of the Waste HDPE, PP, PS and PET Under High Heating Conditions. Journal of the Energy Institute, 93(3); 1020–1035
Sun, S., Q. Yu, M. Li, H. Zhao, Y. Wang, and X. Ji (2020). Effect of Carbonization Temperature on Characterization and Water Vapor Adsorption of Coffee-Shell Activated Carbon. Adsorption Science and Technology, 38(9–10); 377–392
Sun, S., Q. Yu, M. Li, H. Zhao, and C. Wu (2019). Preparation of Coffee-Shell Activated Carbon and Its Application for Water Vapor Adsorption. Renewable Energy, 142; 11–19
Wang, H., Z. Li, S. Yahyaoui, H. Hanafy, M. K. Seliem, A. Bonilla-Petriciolet, G. Luiz Dotto, L. Sellaoui, and Q. Li (2021). Effective Adsorption of Dyes on An Activated Carbon Prepared From Carboxymethyl Cellulose: Experiments, Characterization and Advanced Modelling. Chemical Engineering Journal, 417; 128116
Xiao, W., Z. N. Garba, S. Sun, I. Lawan, L. Wang, M. Lin, and Z. Yuan (2020). Preparation and Evaluation of An Effective Activated Carbon From White Sugar for the Adsorption of Rhodamine B Dye. Journal of Cleaner Production, 253; 119989
Yi, L., L. Zuo, C. Wei, H. Fu, X. Qu, S. Zheng, Z. Xu, Y. Guo, H. Li, and D. Zhu (2020). Enhanced Adsorption of Bisphenol A, Tylosin, and Tetracycline From Aqueous Solution to Nitrogen-Doped Multiwall Carbon Nanotubes Via Cation-π and π-π Electron-Donor-Acceptor (EDA) Interactions. Science of the Total Environment, 719; 137389
Zaini, M. S. M., M. Arshad, and S. S. A. Syed-Hassan (2023). Adsorption Isotherm and Kinetic Study of Methane on Palm Kernel Shell-Derived Activated Carbon. Journal of Bioresources and Bioproducts, 8(1); 66–77
Zakaria, R., N. A. Jamalluddin, and M. Z. Abu Bakar (2021). Effect of Impregnation Ratio and Activation Temperature on the Yield and Adsorption Performance of Mangrove Based
Activated Carbon for Methylene Blue Removal. Results In Materials, 10; 100183
Zhang, X., J. Kaštyl, M. Casas-Luna, L. Havlicek, M. Vondra, V. Brummer, K. Sukacová, V. Máša, S. Y. Teng, and P. Neugebauer (2022). Microalgae-Derived Nanoporous Biochar for Ammonia Removal In Sustainable Wastewater Treatment. Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering,
10(6); 108514
Zhang, Z., C. Jiang, D. Li, Y. Lei, H. Yao, G. Zhou, K. Wang, Y. Rao, W. Liu, C. Xu, and X. Zhang (2020). Micro-Mesoporous Activated Carbon Simultaneously Possessing Large Surface Area and Ultra-High Pore Volume for Efficiently Adsorbing Various VOCs. Carbon, 170; 567–579
Afifi, M., D. A. El-Emam, R. Abdel Wahaab, and M. S. Ibrahim (2023). Efficient Ammonia Removal in the Rosetta Branch of the River Nile Using Activated Carbon: A Comprehensive Study. Egyptian Journal of Chemistry, 67(5); 375–383
Ahmad, A., D. Jini, M. Aravind, C. Parvathiraja, R. Ali, M. Z. Kiyani, and A. Alothman (2020). A Novel Study on Synthesis of Egg Shell-Based Activated Carbon for Degradation of Methylene Blue via Photocatalysis. Arabian Journal of Chemistry, 13(12); 8717–8722
Almahbashi, N. M. Y., S. R. M. Kutty, M. Ayoub, A. Noor, I. U. Salihi, A. Al-Nini, A. H. Jagaba, B. N. S. Aldhawi, and A. A. S. Ghaleb (2021). Optimization of Preparation Conditions of Sewage Sludge-Based Activated Carbon. Ain Shams Engineering Journal, 12(2); 1175–1182
Anggoro, D. D., I. Sumantri, and L. Buchori (2021). Indonesia’s Natural Zeolite as an Adsorbent for Toxic Gases in Shrimp Ponds. Journal of Ecological Engineering, 22(6); 202–208
Anita, S., T. Abu Hanifah, Itnawita, and G. Fia Kartika (2023). Preparation and Characterization of Activated Carbon from the Nipa Fruit Shell Irradiated by Microwave: Effect of Temperatures and Time of Carbonization. Materials Today: Proceedings, 87; 390–395
Anubriya, D., J. B. Mathangi, and M. Helen Kalavathy (2020). Performance of Nanoporous Carbon Material Derived from Cocos Nucifera: An Approach for the Recovery of Nickel Using Continuous Operation. Materials Letters, 262; 127101
Ayesh, A. I. and M. D. El-Muraikhi (2023). Adsorption of Ammonia on ZrOx-Modified Graphene Nanoribbon: A First-Principle Investigation. Journal of Molecular Modeling, 29(1)
Białas, A., J. Szlendak, C. Czosnek, and M. Motak (2020). Activated Carbon as a Support of Catalysts for the Removal of Nitrogen Oxides. Mineralogia, 51(1); 9–16
Binaeian, E., Y. Li, H. A. Tayebi, and D. Yuan (2021). Enhancing Toxic Gas Uptake Performance of Zr-Based MOF Through Uncoordinated Carboxylate and Copper Insertion; Ammonia Adsorption. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 416; 1–11
Boulanger, N., A. V. Talyzin, S. Xiong, M. Hultberg, and A. Grimm (2024). High Surface Area Activated Carbon Prepared from Wood-Based Spent Mushroom Substrate for Supercapacitors and Water Treatment. Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects, 680; 132684
Chiu, Y. H. and L. Y. Lin (2019). Effect of Activating Agents for Producing Activated Carbon Using a Facile One-Step Synthesis with Waste Coffee Grounds for Symmetric Supercapacitors. Journal of the Taiwan Institute of Chemical Engineers, 101; 177–185
Cong, M., H. Wu, H. Yang, J. Zhao, and J. Lv (2017). Gill Damage and Neurotoxicity of Ammonia Nitrogen on the Clam Ruditapes Philippinarum. Ecotoxicology, 26(3); 459–469
Das, S. and S. Mishra (2020). Insight into the Isotherm Modelling, Kinetic and Thermodynamic Exploration of Iron Adsorption from Aqueous Media by Activated Carbon Developed from Limonia Acidissima Shell. Materials Chemistry and Physics, 245; 122751
Dey, S., N. Haripavan, S. R. Basha, and G. V. Babu (2021). Removal of Ammonia and Nitrates from Contaminated Water by Using Solid Waste Bio-Adsorbents. Current Research in Chemical Biology, 1; 100005
El-Shafey, O. I., N. A. Fathy, and T. A. El-Nabarawy (2014). Sorption of Ammonium Ions onto Natural and Modified Egyptian Kaolinites: Kinetic and Equilibrium Studies. Advances in Physical Chemistry, 2014; 935854
Fayed, W. M. A., R. H. Khalil, G. R. Sallam, A. T. Mansour, B. K. Elkhayat, and E. A. Omar (2019). Estimating the Effective Level of Yucca Schidigera Extract for Improvement of the Survival, Haematological Parameters, Immunological Responses and Water Quality of European Seabass Juveniles (Dicentrarchus Labrax). Aquaculture Reports, 15; 100208
Fito, J., M. Abewaa, A. Mengistu, K. Angassa, A. D. Ambaye, W. Moyo, and T. Nkambule (2023). Adsorption of Methylene Blue from Textile Industrial Wastewater Using Activated Carbon Developed from Rumex Abyssinicus Plant. Scientific Reports, 13(1); 1–17
Fulazzaky, M. A. (2019). Study of the Dispersion and Specific Interactions Affected by Chemical Functions of the Granular Activated Carbons. Environmental Nanotechnology, Monitoring and Management, 12; 100230
Gullón, P., G. Eibes, J. M. Lorenzo, N. Pérez-Rodríguez, T. A. Lú-Chau, and B. Gullón (2020). Green Sustainable Process to Revalorize Purple Corn Cobs within a Biorefinery Frame: Co-Production of Bioactive Extracts. Science of the Total Environment, 709
Hamid, M., S. Humaidi, I. R. Saragi, C. Simanjuntak, I. Isnaeni, Azizah, and H. Wijoyo (2024). The Effectiveness of Activated Carbon from Nutmeg Shell in Reducing Ammonia (NH3) Levels in Fish Pond Water. Carbon Trends, 14; 100324
Hamid, M., M. Rianna, W. R. Rangkuti, T. Sembiring, and P. Sebayang (2022). Study and Characterization rGO/Fe3O4 in Microstructure and-Magnetic Properties. South African Journal of Chemical Engineering, 42; 280–282
Hamid, M., M. Rianna, M. D. E. Vania, I. D. Yanti, F. A. A. Manurung, R. Afriandani, and A. Daulay (2023). Sweet Potato-Derived Carbon Nanosheets Incorporate NiCo2O4
Nanocomposite as Electrode Materials for Supercapacitors. Materials Science for Energy Technologies, 6; 382–387
Han, B., C. Butterly, W. Zhang, J. z. He, and D. Chen (2021). Adsorbent Materials for Ammonium and Ammonia Removal: A Review. Journal of Cleaner Production, 283; 124611
Hernández Rodríguez, M., J. Yperman, R. Carleer, J. Maggen, D. Daddi, G. Gryglewicz, B. Van der Bruggen, J. Falcón Hernández, and A. Otero Calvis (2018). Adsorption of Ni(II) on Spent Coffee and Coffee Husk-Based Activated Carbon. Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering, 6(1); 1161–1170
Jiang, X., P. Sun, L. Xu, Y. Xue, H. Zhang, and W. Zhu (2020). Platanus Orientalis Leaves Based Hierarchical Porous Carbon Microspheres As High Efficiency Adsorbents for Organic Dyes Removal. Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering, 28(1); 254–265
Kyzas, G. Z., G. Bomis, R. I. Kosheleva, E. K. Efthimiadou, E. P. Favvas, M. Kostoglou, and A. C. Mitropoulos (2019). Nanobubbles Effect on Heavy Metal Ions Adsorption By Activated Carbon. Chemical Engineering Journal, 356; 91–97
Liang, Q., Y. Liu, M. Chen, L. Ma, B. Yang, L. Li, and Q. Liu (2020). Optimized Preparation of Activated Carbon From Coconut Shell and Municipal Sludge. Materials Chemistry and Physics, 241; 122327
Liu, M., Y. Li, H. Z. Wang, H. J. Wang, R. T. Qiao, and E. Jeppesen (2022). Ecosystem Complexity Explains the Scale-Dependence of Ammonia Toxicity on Macroinvertebrates. Water Research, 226; 119266
Lua, A. C. (2023). A Comparative Study of the Pore Characteristics and Phenol Adsorption Performance of Activated Carbons Prepared From Oil-Palm Shell Wastes By Steam and Combined Steam-Chemical Activation. Green Chemical Engineering, 5(1); 85–96
Lv, S., C. Li, J. Mi, and H. Meng (2020). A Functional Activated Carbon for Efficient Adsorption of Phenol Derived From Pyrolysis of Rice Husk, KOH-Activation and EDTA-4Na-Modification. Applied Surface Science, 510; 145425
Ma, Y., N. Gao, W. Chu, and C. Li (2013). Removal of Phenol By Powdered Activated Carbon Adsorption. Frontiers of Environmental Science and Engineering, 7(2); 158–165
Mistar, E. M., T. Alfatah, and M. D. Supardan (2020). Synthesis and Characterization of Activated Carbon From Bambusa Vulgaris Striata Using Two-Step KOH Activation. Journal of Materials Research and Technology, 9(3); 6278–6286
Neolaka, Y. A. B., A. A. P. Riwu, U. O. Aigbe, K. E. Ukhurebor, R. B. Onyancha, H. Darmokoesoemo, and H. S. Kusuma (2023). Potential of Activated Carbon From Various Sources As A Low-Cost Adsorbent to Remove Heavy Metals and Synthetic Dyes. Results In Chemistry, 5; 100711
Oladimeji, T. E., B. O. Odunoye, F. B. Elehinafe, O. R. Obanla, and O. A. Odunlami (2021). Production of Activated Carbon From Sawdust and Its Efficiency In the Treatment of Sewage Water. Heliyon, 7(1); 0–5
Pallarés, J., A. González-Cencerrado, and I. Arauzo (2018). Production and Characterization of Activated Carbon From Barley Straw By Physical Activation with Carbon Dioxide and Steam. Biomass and Bioenergy, 115; 64–73
Pimentel, C. H., M. S. Freire, D. Gómez-Díaz, and J. González-Álvarez (2023). Preparation of Activated Carbon From Pine (Pinus Radiata) Sawdust By Chemical Activation with Zinc Chloride for Wood Dye Adsorption. Biomass Conversion and Biorefinery, 13(18); 16537–16555
Prajapati, A. K., S. Das, and M. K. Mondal (2020). Exhaustive Studies on Toxic Cr(VI) Removal Mechanism From Aqueous Solution Using Activated Carbon of Aloe Vera Waste Leaves. Journal of Molecular Liquids, 307; 112956
Ren, Z., B. Jia, G. Zhang, X. Fu, Z. Wang, P. Wang, and L. Lv (2021). Study on Adsorption of Ammonia Nitrogen By Iron-Loaded Activated Carbon From Low Temperature Wastewater. Chemosphere, 262; 127895
Ruiz-Bastidas, R. C., G. Turnes, E. Palacio, and L. S. Cadavid-Rodríguez (2023). Natural Ecuadorian Zeolite: An Effective Ammonia Adsorbent to Enhance Methane Production From Swine Waste. Chemosphere, 336; 139098
Salem, S., Z. Teimouri, and A. Salem (2020). Fabrication of Magnetic Activated Carbon By Carbothermal Functionalization of Agriculture Waste Via Microwave-Assisted Technique for Cationic Dye Adsorption. Advanced Powder Technology, 31(10); 4301–4309
Shahrokhi-Shahraki, R., C. Benally, M. G. El-Din, and J. Park (2021). High Efficiency Removal of Heavy Metals Using Tire-Derived Activated Carbon Vs Commercial Activated Carbon: Insights Into the Adsorption Mechanisms. Chemosphere, 264; 128455
Singh, R. K., B. Ruj, A. K. Sadhukhan, and P. Gupta (2020). A TG-FTIR Investigation on the Co Pyrolysis of the Waste HDPE, PP, PS and PET Under High Heating Conditions. Journal of the Energy Institute, 93(3); 1020–1035
Sun, S., Q. Yu, M. Li, H. Zhao, Y. Wang, and X. Ji (2020). Effect of Carbonization Temperature on Characterization and Water Vapor Adsorption of Coffee-Shell Activated Carbon. Adsorption Science and Technology, 38(9–10); 377–392
Sun, S., Q. Yu, M. Li, H. Zhao, and C. Wu (2019). Preparation of Coffee-Shell Activated Carbon and Its Application for Water Vapor Adsorption. Renewable Energy, 142; 11–19
Wang, H., Z. Li, S. Yahyaoui, H. Hanafy, M. K. Seliem, A. Bonilla-Petriciolet, G. Luiz Dotto, L. Sellaoui, and Q. Li (2021). Effective Adsorption of Dyes on An Activated Carbon Prepared From Carboxymethyl Cellulose: Experiments, Characterization and Advanced Modelling. Chemical Engineering Journal, 417; 128116
Xiao, W., Z. N. Garba, S. Sun, I. Lawan, L. Wang, M. Lin, and Z. Yuan (2020). Preparation and Evaluation of An Effective Activated Carbon From White Sugar for the Adsorption of Rhodamine B Dye. Journal of Cleaner Production, 253; 119989
Yi, L., L. Zuo, C. Wei, H. Fu, X. Qu, S. Zheng, Z. Xu, Y. Guo, H. Li, and D. Zhu (2020). Enhanced Adsorption of Bisphenol A, Tylosin, and Tetracycline From Aqueous Solution to Nitrogen-Doped Multiwall Carbon Nanotubes Via Cation-π and π-π Electron-Donor-Acceptor (EDA) Interactions. Science of the Total Environment, 719; 137389
Zaini, M. S. M., M. Arshad, and S. S. A. Syed-Hassan (2023). Adsorption Isotherm and Kinetic Study of Methane on Palm Kernel Shell-Derived Activated Carbon. Journal of Bioresources and Bioproducts, 8(1); 66–77
Zakaria, R., N. A. Jamalluddin, and M. Z. Abu Bakar (2021). Effect of Impregnation Ratio and Activation Temperature on the Yield and Adsorption Performance of Mangrove Based
Activated Carbon for Methylene Blue Removal. Results In Materials, 10; 100183
Zhang, X., J. Kaštyl, M. Casas-Luna, L. Havlicek, M. Vondra, V. Brummer, K. Sukacová, V. Máša, S. Y. Teng, and P. Neugebauer (2022). Microalgae-Derived Nanoporous Biochar for Ammonia Removal In Sustainable Wastewater Treatment. Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering,
10(6); 108514
Zhang, Z., C. Jiang, D. Li, Y. Lei, H. Yao, G. Zhou, K. Wang, Y. Rao, W. Liu, C. Xu, and X. Zhang (2020). Micro-Mesoporous Activated Carbon Simultaneously Possessing Large Surface Area and Ultra-High Pore Volume for Efficiently Adsorbing Various VOCs. Carbon, 170; 567–579
Authors
Hamid, M., Nasution, T. I. ., Elfinita, R. ., Wijoyo, H., & Isnaeni, I. (2024). Reducing Ammonia (NH3) Levels in Fish Cage Water Using Activated Carbon Adsorbent Derived from Purple Corn Cob. Science and Technology Indonesia, 9(3), 669–681. https://doi.org/10.26554/sti.2024.9.3.669-681
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.