A Graphene Oxide Nano-Sheets: A Novel Eco-Friendly Approach for Tissue Engineering and Antibacterial Applications in Bone Disease
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Keywords:
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Antibacterial , MG63 , Graphene Oxide Nano Sheet , Decoration Carbon Nanoparticles
Abstract
Obtaining novel scaffolds on bone disease-affected cells with osteoconductivity has recently been the focus of tissue engineering methodologies. Chemical treatment and microwave radiation form a novel strategy to create graphene oxide nanosheets (Gns) that decorate carbon crystal structures. This approach is proven to be eco-friendly. Gns was characterized using "X-ray diffraction, ultraviolet, and Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometers". The XRD spectra confirmed the crystalline structure of Gns. The Gns product was analyzed using "Raman spectroscopy. Transmission electron microscopy and field-emission scanning electron microscopy" exposed few layered surfaces of Gns. The TEM images showed Gns specifically decorated with carbon nanoparticles. The evidence demonstrated the novelty of Gns as a very effective bactericidal agent, suggesting its potential as a future antibacterial agent. Different concentrations of Gns and its derivatives showed different cell viabilities toward various cell lines, demonstrating the dependency of a biocompatible environment for good attachment on MG63 cells.
References
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Ganjoo, R., S. Sharma, and A. Kumar (2023). Activation of Carbon Allotropes Through Covalent and Noncovalent Functionalization: Attempts in Modifying Properties for Enhanced Performance. In Carbon Allotropes and Composites: Materials for Environment Protection and Remediation. pages 31–50
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Jia, Z., Y. Shi, P. Xiong, W. Zhou, Y. Cheng, Y. Zheng, T. Xi, and S. Wei (2016). From Solution to Biointerface: Graphene Self-Assemblies of Varying Lateral Sizes and Surface Properties for Biofilm Control and Osteodifferentiation. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, 8(27); 17151–17165
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Li, X., A. H. Hirad, A. A. Alarfaj, H. Li, and R. Santhanam (2024). A Convergent Fabrication of Graphene Oxide/Silk Fibroin/Hydroxyapatite Nanocomposites Delivery Improved Early Osteoblast Cell Adhesion and Bone Regeneration. Arabian Journal of Chemistry, 17(2); 105468
Liu, H., X. Liu, F. Zhao, Y. Liu, L. Liu, L. Wang, C. Geng, and P. Huang (2020). Preparation of a Hydrophilic and Antibacterial Dual Function Ultrafiltration Membrane with Quaternized Graphene Oxide as a Modifier. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, 562; 182–192
Mahmood, F., S. Ashraf, M. Shahzad, B. Li, F. Asghar, W. Amjad, and M. M. Omar (2023). Graphene Synthesis from Organic Substrates: A Review. Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, 62(42); 17314–17327
Malhotra, R., C. Halbig, Y. Sim, C. Lim, D. Leong, A. Neto, S. Garaj, and V. Rosa (2022). Cytotoxicity Survey of Commercial Graphene Materials from Worldwide. npj 2D Materials and Applications, 6(1); 65
Manikandan, V. and N. Lee (2023). Reduced Graphene Oxide: Biofabrication and Environmental Applications. Chemosphere, 311; 136934
Mohammadrezaei, D., H. Golzar, M. Rezai Rad, M. Omidi, H. Rashedi, F. Yazdian, A. Khojasteh, and L. Tayebi (2018). In Vitro Effect of Graphene Structures as an Osteoinductive Factor in Bone Tissue Engineering: A Systematic Review. Journal of Biomedical Materials Research Part A, 106(8); 2284–2343
Mohammed, H., A. Kumar, E. Bekyarova, Y. Al-Hadeethi, X. Zhang, M. Chen, M. Ansari, A. Cochis, and L. Rimondini (2020). Antimicrobial Mechanisms and Effectiveness of Graphene and Graphene-Functionalized Biomaterials: A Scope Review. Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology, 8; 465
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Obayomi, K., S. Lau, I. Mayowa, M. Danquah, J. Zhang, T. Chiong, L. Meunier, and M. Rahman (2023). Recent Advances in Graphene-Derived Materials for Biomedical Waste Treatment. Journal of Water Process Engineering, 51; 103440
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Ravikumar, V., I. Mijakovic, and S. Pandit (2022). Antimicrobial Activity of Graphene Oxide Contributes to Alteration of Key Stress-Related and Membrane Bound Proteins. International Journal of Nanomedicine, 17; 6707–6721
Riley, P., P. Joshi, H. Penchev, J. Narayan, and R. Narayan (2021). One-Step Formation of Reduced Graphene Oxide from Insulating Polymers Induced by Laser Writing Method. Crystals, 11(11); 1308
Riss, T., R. Moravec, A. Niles, S. Duellman, H. Benink, T. Worzella, and L. Minor (2004). Cell Viability Assays Assay Guidance Manual. In Assay Guidance Manual. pages 1–23
Romero-Vargas Castrillon, S., F. Perreault, A. De Faria, and M. Elimelech (2015). Interaction of Graphene Oxide with Bacterial Cell Membranes: Insights from Force Spectroscopy. Environmental Science & Technology Letters, 2(4); 112–117
Smith, A., A. LaChance, S. Zeng, B. Liu, and L. Sun (2019). Synthesis, Properties, and Applications of Graphene Oxide/Reduced Graphene Oxide and Their Nanocomposites. Nano Materials Science, 1(1); 31–47
Sontakke, A., S. Tiwari, and M. Purkait (2023). A Comprehensive Review on Graphene Oxide-Based Nanocarriers: Synthesis, Functionalization and Biomedical Applications. FlatChem, 38; 100484
Strankowski, M., D. Wlodarczyk, L. Piszczyk, and J. Strankowska (2016). Polyurethane Nanocomposites Containing Reduced Graphene Oxide: FTIR, Raman, and XRD Studies. Journal of Spectroscopy, 2016(1); 7520741
Sumathra, M., K. Sadasivuni, S. Kumar, and M. Rajan (2018). Cisplatin-Loaded Graphene Oxide/Chitosan/Hydroxyapatite Composite as a Promising Tool for Osteosarcoma-Affected Bone Regeneration. ACS Omega, 3(11); 14620–14633
Suresh, M. and A. Sivasamy (2018). Synthesis and Characterization of High Quality Nano Layered Reduced Graphene Oxide by Solvothermal Method and Its Antibacterial Activity. Inorganic and Nano-Metal Chemistry, 48(4–5); 233–238
Sylvester, P. (2011). Optimization of the Tetrazolium Dye (MTT) Colorimetric Assay for Cellular Growth and Viability. In Drug Design and Discovery: Methods and Protocols. pages 157–168
Szunerits, S. and R. Boukherroub (2016). Antibacterial Activity of Graphene-Based Materials. Journal of Materials Chemistry B, 4(43); 6892–6912
Tan, X., Y. Jiang, Q. Peng, T. Subrova, J. Saskova, J. Wiener, M. Venkataraman, J. Militky, P. Kejzlar, and A. Mahendran (2023). Development and Characterization of Silane Crosslinked Cellulose/Graphene Oxide Conductive Hydrophobic Membrane. Cellulose, 30(7); 4561–4574
Tasdemir, S., Z. Morcimen, A. Dogan, C. Görgün, and A. Sendemir (2023). Surface Area of Graphene Governs Its Neurotoxicity. ACS Biomaterials Science & Engineering, 9(2); 793–802
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Authors
Abdullah, H. W., Mubarak, T. H. ., & Resan, K. K. . . (2024). A Graphene Oxide Nano-Sheets: A Novel Eco-Friendly Approach for Tissue Engineering and Antibacterial Applications in Bone Disease. Science and Technology Indonesia, 9(4), 806–817. https://doi.org/10.26554/sti.2024.9.4.806-817
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