Avicennia officinalis L. - A Promising Source for The Creation of Medicines for Hepatoprotective and Antioxidant Activities in HepG2 Cell Line and Mice
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Keywords:
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Avicennia officinalis L. , Antioxidant, Hepatoprotective Activity, Polyphenols, Against Paracetamol-Induced Liver Toxicity Model in Mice
Abstract
Avicennia officinalis L. (AOL), a mangrove plant, is extensively used as an anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, and antioxidant which has traditionally utilized this plant as herbal in Vietnam. In preliminary phytochemical screening, the methanol and aqueous leaf extracts showed high levels of bioactive compounds including glycosides, saponins, flavonoids, tannins, and triterpenes. To identify the major compounds in five extracts of AOL (leaves, flowers, fruits, roots, and bark), the quantitative HPLC/PDA technique was utilized. It was discovered that the total flavonoid content and total phenolic content were 52.55±0.070 and 16.59±0.030 mg/g extract, respectively. The result of antioxidant activity in vitro was shown leave and bark extract with the strongest activity (citric acid aqueous leave with EC50 =43.52 µg/mL in DPPH assay and tartaric acid aqueous bark extract with 30.69% of inhibition in TBRAS assay). Citric acid aqueous leaf extract (CALE) demonstrated 17.08% of the protective activity against CCl4-induced hepatoxicity in HepG2 cells (p < 0.05). CALE was standardized in order to assess its potential hepatoprotective effects against a mouse model of paracetamol-induced liver injury. The extract was administered orally to the animals at two different dosage levels (200 and 400 mg/kg b.wt.). For a duration of one week, the dosage was administered once daily. By improving the blood levels of biochemical, AOL demonstrated a notable dose-dependent hepatoprotective effect. The action of the standardized AOL was found to be similar to that of silymarin. AOL collected in Vietnam has a lot of potential to become a traditional medicine source.
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Sumithra, M., J. Anbu, S. Nithya, and V. Ravichandiran (2011). Anticancer Activity of Methanolic Leaves Extract of Avicennia officinalis on Ehrlich Ascitis Carcinoma Cell Lines in Rodents. International Journal of PharmTech Research, 3(3); 1290–1292
Thirunavukkarasu, P., T. Ramanathan, L. Ramkumar, R. Shanmugapriya, and G. Renugadevi (2011). The Antioxidant and Free Radical Scavenging Effect of Avicennia officinalis. Journal of Medicinal Plants Research, 5(19); 4754–4758
Van Nguyen, C., N. T. Duong, X. T. T. Dai, K. T. Nguyen, and C. T. T. Le (2024). Optimization of Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction Using Response Surface Methodology and Quantification of Polyphenol Compounds in Avicennia officinalis L. From Vietnam. Pharmacia, 71; 1–9
Vellimalai, K., G. D. Kumar, and K. Jayaseelan (2019). Hepatoprotective and Antioxidant Activity of Ethanolic Leaves Extract of Avicennia marina Against Alcohol-Induced Liver Toxicity in Rats. Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics, 9(4-A); 403–408
Zhang, A., H. Sun, and X. Wang (2013). Recent Advances in Natural Products From Plants for Treatment of Liver Diseases. European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry, 63; 570–577
Azhagu Madhavan, S., S. Ra, and S. Jb (2021). In-Vitro Anticancer Activity of Phyto-Pharmacological and GC-MS Analysis of Bioactive Compounds Present in Avicennia marina Leaves Ethanolic Extract Against Hep-G2 Cell Line. Bulletin of Environment, Pharmacology and Life Sciences, 10; 249–257
Baliyan, S., R. Mukherjee, A. Priyadarshini, A. Vibhuti, A. Gupta, R. P. Pandey, and C. M. Chang (2022). Determination of Antioxidants by DPPH Radical Scavenging Activity and Quantitative Phytochemical Analysis of Ficus religiosa. Molecules, 27(4); 1326
Bhakuni, G. S., O. Bedi, J. Bariwal, R. Deshmukh, and P. Kumar (2016). Animal Models of Hepatotoxicity. Inflammation Research, 65; 13–24
Blakely, P. and B. R. McDonald (1995). Acute Renal Failure Due to Acetaminophen Ingestion: A Case Report and Review of the Literature. Journal of the American Society of Nephrology, 6(1); 48–53
Blois, M. S. (1958). Antioxidant Determinations by the Use of a Stable Free Radical. Nature, 181(4617); 1199–1200
Buege, J. A. and S. D. Aust (1978). Microsomal Lipid Peroxidation. In Methods in Enzymology, volume 52. Academic Press, pages 302–310
Bui, N. T., T. L. T. Pham, K. T. Nguyen, P. H. Le, and K. H. Kim (2021). Effect of Extraction Solvent on Total Phenol, Flavonoid Content, and Antioxidant Activity of Avicennia officinalis. Research and Application of Chemistry, 12; 2678–2690
Cichoz-Lach, H. and A. Michalak (2014). Oxidative Stress as a Crucial Factor in Liver Diseases. World Journal of Gastroenterology, 20(25); 8082
Das, S. K., D. Samantaray, A. Mahapatra, N. Pal, R. Munda, and H. Thatoi (2018). Pharmacological Activities of Leaf and Bark Extracts of a Medicinal Mangrove Plant Avicennia officinalis L. Clinical Phytoscience, 4; 1–10
Das, S. K., D. Samantaray, S. K. Sahoo, J. K. Patra, L. Samanta, and H. Thatoi (2019). Bioactivity Guided Isolation and Structural Characterization of the Antidiabetic and Antioxidant Compound from Bark Extract of Avicennia officinalis L. South African Journal of Botany, 125; 109–115
Duong, N. T., N. V. T. Nguyen, T. C. T. Le, and C. N. Duong (2023). Establishment of a Standardized Ethanolic Extract of Avicennia officinalis Leaves in Vietnam. Journal of Multidisciplinary Science, 5(2); 01–10
Flora, S. J. (2009). Structural, Chemical, and Biological Aspects of Antioxidants for Strategies Against Metal and Metalloid Exposure. Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity, 2(4); 191–206
Gish, R. G., T. D. Bui, C. T. Nguyen, D. T. Nguyen, H. V. Tran, D. M. Tran, and I. G. for Liver Health in Viet Nam (2012). Liver Disease in Viet Nam: Screening, Surveillance, Management, and Education: A 5-Year Plan and Call to Action. Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, 27(2); 238–247
Hosack, T., D. Damry, and S. Biswas (2023). Drug-Induced Liver Injury: A Comprehensive Review. Therapeutic Advances in Gastroenterology, 16; 17562848231163410
Martysiak-Żurowska, D. and W. Wenta (2012). A Comparison of ABTS and DPPH Methods for Assessing the Total Antioxidant Capacity of Human Milk. Acta Scientiarum Polonorum Technologia Alimentaria, 11(1); 83–89
Meng, X., G. Y. Tang, P. H. Liu, C. J. Zhao, Q. Liu, and H. B. Li (2020). Antioxidant Activity and Hepatoprotective Effect of 10 Medicinal Herbs on CCl₄-Induced Liver Injury in Mice. World Journal of Gastroenterology, 26(37); 5629
Namazi, R., R. Zabihollahi, M. Behbahani, and A. Rezaei (2013). Inhibitory Activity of Avicennia marina, a Medicinal Plant in Persian Folk Medicine, Against HIV and HSV. Iranian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research: IJPR, 12(2); 435
Nguyen, T. T. H., K. P. Lam, T. N. K. Pham, and P. K. P. Nguyen (2019). A New Flavonoid From Leaves of Avicennia officinalis L. Pharm Sci Asia, 46; 19–24
Noviyanto, H. Widjajanti, and Elfita (2025). Biodiversity and Analysis of Antioxidant and Antibacterial Activity of Endophytic Fungi Extracts Isolated from Mangrove Avicennia marina. Science and Technology Indonesia, 10(1); 139–151
Ohkawa, H., N. Ohishi, and K. Yagi (1979). Assay for Lipid Peroxides in Animal Tissues by Thiobarbituric Acid Reaction. Analytical Biochemistry, 95(2); 351–358
Prakashamani, G., A. Srivani, and G. K. Mohan (2019). A Review on Avicennia officinalis. International Journal of Pharmacy and Biological Sciences-IJPBS TM, 9(1); 553–557
Rahman, I., A. Kode, and S. K. Biswas (2006). Assay for Quantitative Determination of Glutathione and Glutathione Disulfide Levels Using Enzymatic Recycling Method. Nature Protocols, 1(6); 3159–3165
Ramanjaneyulu, M. V. V., V. R. Battula, K. Ramanjaneyulu, and P. S. Raju (2015). Phytochemical Analysis of Avicennia officinalis of Krishna Estuary. Phytochemical Analysis, 3(5); 176–180
Shehab, N. G., E. Abu-Gharbieh, and F. A. Bayoumi (2015). Impact of Phenolic Composition on Hepatoprotective and Antioxidant Effects of Four Desert Medicinal Plants. BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 15; 1–12
Sofowora, A. (1993). Phytochemical Screening of Medicinal Plants and Traditional Medicine in Africa Edition. Spectrum Book Ltd., Nigeria
Stickel, F. and D. Schuppan (2007). Herbal Medicine in the Treatment of Liver Diseases. Digestive and Liver Disease, 39(4); 293–304
Sumithra, M., J. Anbu, S. Nithya, and V. Ravichandiran (2011). Anticancer Activity of Methanolic Leaves Extract of Avicennia officinalis on Ehrlich Ascitis Carcinoma Cell Lines in Rodents. International Journal of PharmTech Research, 3(3); 1290–1292
Thirunavukkarasu, P., T. Ramanathan, L. Ramkumar, R. Shanmugapriya, and G. Renugadevi (2011). The Antioxidant and Free Radical Scavenging Effect of Avicennia officinalis. Journal of Medicinal Plants Research, 5(19); 4754–4758
Van Nguyen, C., N. T. Duong, X. T. T. Dai, K. T. Nguyen, and C. T. T. Le (2024). Optimization of Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction Using Response Surface Methodology and Quantification of Polyphenol Compounds in Avicennia officinalis L. From Vietnam. Pharmacia, 71; 1–9
Vellimalai, K., G. D. Kumar, and K. Jayaseelan (2019). Hepatoprotective and Antioxidant Activity of Ethanolic Leaves Extract of Avicennia marina Against Alcohol-Induced Liver Toxicity in Rats. Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics, 9(4-A); 403–408
Zhang, A., H. Sun, and X. Wang (2013). Recent Advances in Natural Products From Plants for Treatment of Liver Diseases. European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry, 63; 570–577
Authors
Duong, T.-N., Nguyen, N.-V. T., Nguyen, N.-A., Do, H.-T. T., Le, K.-A. T., Dai, X.-T. T., Duong, C.-D., Thang, T.-L. T., Le, H.-D., & Huynh, M.-T. T. (2025). Avicennia officinalis L. - A Promising Source for The Creation of Medicines for Hepatoprotective and Antioxidant Activities in HepG2 Cell Line and Mice. Science and Technology Indonesia, 10(2), 432–442. https://doi.org/10.26554/sti.2025.10.2.432-442
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