Water Depth Monitoring based on Affordable Modem to Prevent Flooding and Wildfires, Study Case in Teluk Seruo Lake, Indonesia
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Keywords:
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Bidirectional Communication, Node MCU, Telemetry, Ultrasonic Sensor, Water Monitoring, Website
Abstract
A cutting-edge telemetry system for water depth monitoring is essential for achieving effective and reliable measurements through bidirectional communication. This system is designed to operate at any time requested by the user, enhancing the relevance of the collected data while promoting significant energy and memory savings. We propose implementing this innovative design at a Teluk Seruo Lake, featuring advanced flood and drought warning functions to proactively address the challenges of seasonal natural disasters. Using an Arduino board paired with an ultrasonic sensor and equipped with a Wi-Fi modem, users can seamlessly communicate with their smartphones to initiate measurements and access real-time water depth data via a dedicated website. Our laboratory tests confirm that timely alerts were successfully sent to users’ phones whenever water levels exceeded critical thresholds. Furthermore, during field tests, continuous monitoring of the lake’s water depth was efficiently conducted through the website, powered by 8400 mAh batteries that supported up to 75 data transmissions over a 12.5-hours period. This remarkable performance establishes a solid baseline for modem power consumption, underscoring the system’s effectiveness and reliability.
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Diriyana, A., U. Darusalam, and N. D. Natasha (2019). Water Level Monitoring and Flood Early Warning Using Microcontroller With IoT Based Ultrasonic Sensor. Teknik Informatika C.I.T Medicom, 11; 22–28.
Idris, M. H. B. M., M. A. A. B. C. Kamarudin, M. I. Sahalan, Z. B. Z. Abidin, and M. M. Rashid (2016). Design and Development of an Autonomous Surface Vessel for Inland Water Depth Monitoring. In 2016 International Conference on Computer and Communication Engineering (ICCCE). Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, pages 177–182.
Indonesian Ministry of Environment and Forestry (2024). Indonesian National Carbon Accounting System. http://incas.menlhk.go.id/data/south-sumatra/.
Irfan, M., E. Koriyanti, K. Saleh, Hadi, S. Safrina, S. Awaludin, A. Sulaiman, H. Akhsan, Suhadi, R. A. Suwignyo, E. Choi, and I. Iskandar (2024). Dynamics of Peatland Fires in South Sumatra in 2019: Role of Groundwater Levels. Land, 13(3); 373.
Jones, J. P. (2024). A Low-Cost Datalogging and Telemetry IoT Platform for Remote Water Monitoring and Control. In 2024 IEEE Global Humanitarian Technology Conference (GHTC). Radnor, PA, USA, pages 49–53.
Lestari, S., B. Winarno, B. Premono, T. Syabana, F. Azwar, N. Sakuntaladewi, D. Mendham, and S. Jalilov (2021). Opportunities and challenges for land use-based peatland restoration in Kayu Labu Village, South Sumatra, Indonesia. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 917; 012021.
Loizou, K. and E. Koutroulis (2016). Water Level Sensing: State of the Art Review and Performance Evaluation of a Low-Cost Measurement System. Measurement, 89; 204–214.
Machefer, M., M. Perpinyà-Vallès, M. J. Escorihuela, D. Gustafsson, and L. Romero (2022). Challenges and Evolution of Water Level Monitoring Towards a Comprehensive, World-Scale Coverage With Remote Sensing. Remote Sensing, 14(15); 3513.
Maneekul, P. and C. Suwannapong (2017). Real-Time Monitoring of Water Level: A Review of Existing Applications, and Advancements in Mini-Telemetry System for Agricultural Planning. SAU Journal of Science & Technology, 3(2); 53–66.
Mohindru, P. (2023). Development of Liquid Level Measurement Technology: A Review. Flow Measurement and Instrumentation, 89; 102295.
Morchid, A., R. Jebabra, H. M. Khalid, R. E. Alami, H. Qjidaa, and M. O. Jamil (2024). IoT-Based Smart Irrigation Management System to Enhance Agricultural Water Security Using Embedded Systems, Telemetry Data, and Cloud Computing. Results in Engineering, 23; 102829.
Moreno, C., R. Aquino, J. Ibarreche, I. Pérez, E. Castellanos, E. Álvarez, R. Rentería, L. Anguiano, A. Edwards, and P. Lepp (2019). RiverCore: IoT Device for River Water Level Monitoring Over Cellular Communications. Sensors, 19; 127.
Mousa, M., X. Zhang, and C. Claudel (2016). Flash Flood Detection in Urban Cities Using Ultrasonic and Infrared Sensors. IEEE Sensors Journal, 16(19); 7204–7216.
Natividad, J. G. and J. M. Mendez (2018). Flood Monitoring and Early Warning System Using Ultrasonic Sensor. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, 325; 012020.
Panyadee, P. and P. Champrasert (2024). Spatial-Temporal Flood Hazard Mapping Using Integration of Telemetry Data and Prediction Model. In 2024 International Conference on Electronics, Information, and Communication (ICEIC). Taipei, Taiwan, pages 1–4.
Pearce, R. H., M. A. Chadwick, B. Main, K. Chan, C. D. Sayer, and I. R. Patmore (2024). Low-Cost Approach to an Instream Water Depth Sensor Construction Using Differential Pressure Sensors and Arduino Microcontrollers. Sensors, 24; 2488.
Pereira, T. S. R., T. P. de Carvalho, T. A. Mendes, and K. T. M. Formiga (2022). Evaluation of Water Level in Flowing Channels Using Ultrasonic Sensors. Sustainability, 14(9); 5512.
Santosh, K. V., B. Joy, and S. Rao (2020). Design of an Instrument for Liquid Level Measurement and Concentration Analysis Using Multisensor Data Fusion. Journal of Sensors, 2020; 1–13.
Saptomo, S. K. et al. (2023). Analysis of Water Level Monitoring in Flood-Prone Areas Using IoT-Based Sensors. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 1241; 012060.
Shi, B., S. Catsamas, P. Kolotelo, M. Wang, A. Lintern, D. Jovanovic, P. M. Bach, A. Deletic, and D. T. McCarthy (2021). A Low-Cost Water Depth and Electrical Conductivity Sensor for Detecting Inputs Into Urban Stormwater Networks. Sensors, 21; 3056.
Singh, R., M. Baz, A. Gehlot, M. Rashid, M. Khurana, S. V. Akram, S. S. Alshamrani, and A. S. AlGhamdi (2021). Water Quality Monitoring and Management of Building Water Tank Using Industrial Internet of Things. Sustainability, 13(15); 8452.
Susanti, A., R. T. Putranto, M. A. Rahmadani, I. Mustaqim, A. D. S. Saliyo, H. Sazidah, C. A. Hutahaean, S. A. Putri, R. N. Iriani, Z. W. Mulyawan, M. W. Kurniawan, I. Alimatunnisa, S. G. and S. Adiningsih, A. Wirasatriya, Kunarso, D. N. Sugianto, and A. Trianto (2024). Smart Irrigation System Based on IoT for Agricultural Efficiency. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 1350(1); 012046.
Taufik, M. and B. I. Setiawan (2011). Interpretation of Soil Water Content Into Dryness Index: Implication for Forest Fire Management. Jurnal Manajemen Hutan Tropika, 18(1); 31–38.
Xiao, D., J. Feng, N. Wang, X. Luo, and Y. Hu (2013). Integrated Soil Moisture and Water Depth Sensor for Paddy Fields. Computers and Electronics in Agriculture, 98; 214–221.
Yunita, A. M., N. N. Wardah, A. Sugiarto, E. Susanti, L. Sujai, and R. Rizky (2020). Monitoring of Soil Moisture and Water Pump System Based on Internet of Things. Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 1477; 052048.
Authors
Khairul Saleh, Rendy M. Wahid, Hadi, Iskhaq Iskandar, & Adnan, A. (2025). Water Depth Monitoring based on Affordable Modem to Prevent Flooding and Wildfires, Study Case in Teluk Seruo Lake, Indonesia. Science and Technology Indonesia, 10(3), 889–894. https://doi.org/10.26554/sti.2025.10.3.889-894
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