Rapid and Sensitive Gold Nanoparticles Based Colorimetric Sensor for Mn(II) Ions Detection: A Potential Approach for Urinary Health Monitoring
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Keywords:
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Gold Nanoparticles (AuNPs), EDTA, Colorimetric Sensor, Manganese Detection, Urinary Health Monitoring
Abstract
Manganese (Mn) is an essential trace element, but excessive accumulation in the human body can cause severe neurotoxic effects, making sensitive monitoring in biological fluids such as urine important for public health. This study reports a rapid colorimetric sensor based on ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (AuNPs-EDTA) for selective Mn(II) detection. AuNPs were synthesized by chemical reduction of HAuCl4 using NaBH4, producing spherical nanoparticles with a surface plasmon resonance (SPR) peak at 525 nm and a size of 20-40 nm. EDTA functionalization was confirmed by an SPR red shift to 535 nm, a zeta potential change from -32.34 to -45.68 mV, FTIR spectral shifts of carboxylate and hydroxyl groups, and retention of spherical morphology with a size of 25-40 nm. Upon addition of Mn(II), the AuNPs-EDTA suspension exhibited a concentration-dependent color change from wine red to blue accompanied by an LSPR shift from 535 to 670 nm. This sensor showed good linearity over 0.5-7.0 μg/L Mn(II) (R² = 0.9905), with a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.392 μg/L and a limit of quantification (LOQ) of 1.189 μg/L. High selectivity was obtained against common urinary ions and interferents, including Na+, K+, Ca²+, Mg²+, Zn²+, Cu²+, Pb²+, Cd²+, Co²+, Ni²+, Fe²+, Cl−, urea, uric acid, and creatinine. Recovery values of 94.46-98.01% (RSD < 2%) were achieved in spiked urine samples. These results demonstrate that AuNPs-EDTA provides a rapid, cost-effective, and promising platform for urinary Mn(II) monitoring.
References
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Amina, S. J. and B. Guo (2020). A Review on the Synthesis and Functionalization of Gold Nanoparticles as a Drug Delivery Vehicle. International Journal of Nanomedicine, 15; 9823–9857
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Butt, M. A., B. Imran Akca, and X. Mateos (2025). Integrated Photonic Biosensors: Enabling Next-Generation Lab-on-a-Chip Platforms. Nanomaterials, 15(10); 731
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Chen, L., Y. Ye, H. Tan, and Y. Wang (2015). A Simple and Rapid Colorimetric Method for the Determination of Mn2+ Based on Pyrophosphate Modified Silver Nanoparticles. Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects, 478; 1–6
Chubarov, V. M. (2023). New Approach for Direct Determination of Manganese Valence State in Ferromanganese Nodules by X-Ray Fluorescence Spectrometry. Minerals, 13(10); 1329
Frens, G. (1973). Controlled Nucleation for the Regulation of the Particle Size in Monodisperse Gold Suspensions. Nature Physical Science, 241(105); 20–22
Gan, Y., T. Liang, Q. Hu, L. Zhong, X. Wang, H. Wan, and P. Wang (2020). In-Situ Detection of Cadmium with Aptamer Functionalized Gold Nanoparticles Based on Smartphone-Based Colorimetric System. Talanta, 208; 120231
Gusrizal, F. S. Budi, and D. Puspita (2026). Determination of Paraquat Using Microfluidic Paper-Based Analytical Device (μPAD) Immobilized with p-Hydroxybenzoic Acid Capped Silver Nanoparticles. Science and Technology Indonesia, 11(1); 323–334
Junaidi, D. A. Malik, M. Rizki, I. Pratiwi, P. Karo-Karo, R. Marjunus, D. Asmi, and S. Hadi (2024). Synthesis of Silver Nitrate by Evaporation Chemical Reduction Process as Potential Materials for Silver Nanowires Application. Science and Technology Indonesia, 9(3); 642–650
Karyakina, N. A., N. Shilnikova, N. Farhat, S. Ramoju, B. Cline, F. Momoli, D. Mattison, N. Jensen, R. Terrell, and D. Krewski (2022). Biomarkers for Occupational Manganese Exposure. Critical Reviews in Toxicology, 52(8); 636–663
Kasmiati, G., R. A. Sakinah, and B. Yudono (2020). The Analysis of Manganese (Mn) in Waste Water Treatment (IPAL) of Coal Mine of PT Bukit Asam Indonesia. Indonesian Journal of Fundamental and Applied Chemistry, 6(2); 53–58
Kohama, N., M. Kawahata, T. Okazaki, K. Sazawa, N. Hata, H. Kuramitz, and S. Taguchi (2025). Development of a Simple Visual and Image-Based Colorimetric Analytical Method for Mn2+ Using Solid-Phase Extraction with Sedimentable Dispersed Particulates. Microchemical Journal, 214; 114081
Kopru, S. and M. Soylak (2024). RETRACTED ARTICLE: Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS) Detection of Trace Metal Contents of Children Cosmetics. Optical and Quantum Electronics, 56(3); 399
Koushki, E. (2021). Effect of Conjugation with Organic Molecules on the Surface Plasmon Resonance of Gold Nanoparticles and Application in Optical Biosensing. RSC Advances, 11(38); 23390–23399
Kusuma, S. A. F., J. A. Harmonis, R. Pratiwi, and A. N. Hasanah (2023). Gold Nanoparticle-Based Colorimetric Sensors: Properties and Application in Detection of Heavy Metals and Biological Molecules. Sensors, 23(19); 8172
Lamothe, N., K. Elliott, Y. Pei, Y. Shi, K. Macdonald, S. J. Payne, and Z. She (2024). Electrochemical Detection of Manganese in Drinking Water with Chronoamperometry. Electrocatalysis, 15(4); 353–362
Laur, N., R. Kinscherf, K. Pomytkin, L. Kaiser, O. Knes, and H.-P. Deigner (2020). ICP-MS Trace Element Analysis in Serum and Whole Blood. PLoS One, 15(5); e0233357
Levy, B. S. and W. J. Nassetta (2003). Neurologic Effects of Manganese in Humans: A Review. International Journal of Occupational and Environmental Health, 9(2); 153–163
Li, L. and X. Yang (2018). The Essential Element Manganese, Oxidative Stress, and Metabolic Diseases: Links and Interactions. Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity, 2018(1); 7580707
Mohagheghpour, E., L. Farzin, A. Ghoorchian, S. Sadjadi, and M. Abdouss (2022). Selective Detection of Manganese(II) Ions Based on the Fluorescence Turn-On Response via Histidine Functionalized Carbon Quantum Dots. Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy, 279; 121409
Nadolski, K., F. Rondepierre, C. Jonin, T. M. Goszczyński, K. Matczyszyn, and P.-F. Brevet (2023). Sensing Copper(II) Ions with Hyper Rayleigh Scattering from Gold Nanoparticles. The Journal of Physical Chemistry C, 127(27); 13097–13104
Nakamoto, K. (2008). Infrared and Raman Spectra of Inorganic and Coordination Compounds: Part A: Theory and Applications in Inorganic Chemistry. Wiley, 1 edition
Narayanan, K. B. and H. H. Park (2014). Colorimetric Detection of Manganese(II) Ions Using Gold/Dopa Nanoparticles. Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy, 131; 132–137
Nitti, F., W. A. Ati, P. De Rozari, P. D. Ola, D. Tambaru, and L. Kadang (2023). Simple Microfluidic Paper-Based Analytical Device (μ-PAD) Coupled with Smartphone for Mn(II) Detection Using Tannin as a Green Reagent. Indonesian Journal of Chemistry, 23(4); 1095
Osibe, D. A. and H. Aoyagi (2019). A Novel Strategy for the Synthesis of Gold Nanoparticles with Catharanthus roseus Cell Suspension Culture. Materials Letters, 238; 317–320
Pandey, S., S. M. Gupta, and S. K. Sharma (2025). Detection of Manganese (II) by PVP-AgNPs for Water Monitoring. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 197(11); 1238
Pedroso-Santana, S. and N. Fleitas-Salazar (2023). The Use of Capping Agents in the Stabilization and Functionalization of Metallic Nanoparticles for Biomedical Applications. Particle & Particle Systems Characterization, 40(2); 2200146
Politis, M. D., J. C. Freedman, E. N. Haynes, and A. P. Sanders (2021). Association of Manganese Biomarker Concentrations with Blood Pressure and Kidney Parameters among Healthy Adolescents: NHANES 2013–2018. Children, 8(10); 846
Potts, J. C., A. Jain, D. B. Amabilino, F. J. Rawson, and L. Pérez-García (2023). Molecular Surface Quantification of Multifunctionalized Gold Nanoparticles Using UV–Visible Absorption Spectroscopy Deconvolution. Analytical Chemistry, 95(35); 12998–13002
Putri, S. A. A., S. M. Indirawati, and T. Ashar (2025). Risk Management of Manganese (Mn) Contamination in Drinking Water Sources. Indonesian Journal of Global Health Research, 7(4); 471–478
Raji, S. Q. and A. T. Bader (2024). Synthesis and Characterization of Ni(II) Schiff Base Complex as a Precursor for NiO Nanoparticles and an Investigation of Their Corrosion Inhibition. Science and Technology Indonesia, 9(4); 914–928
Ramzani, S., N. Khanjani, M. Mohammadyan, E. Babanezhad, and J. Yazdani-Charati (2022). Occupational Exposure to Manganese Among Welders: Association Between Airborne Manganese Concentration and Blood Manganese Levels. Health Scope, 11(1)
Riyanto, S. Mardliyaliari, A. Sabrina, and M. Ridho (2025). Synthesis of Au-Pd-NPs Materials and Application as Electrochemical Sensor of Hydroquinone in Cosmetics. Science and Technology Indonesia, 10(1); 294–302
Sadiq, Z., S. H. Safiabadi Tali, H. Hajimiri, M. Al-Kassawneh, and S. Jahanshahi-Anbuhi (2024). Gold Nanoparticles-Based Colorimetric Assays for Environmental Monitoring and Food Safety Evaluation. Critical Reviews in Analytical Chemistry, 54(7); 2209–2244
Saffee, N., M. Shamsuddin, and K. J. Abd Karim (2019). Biosynthesized Gold Nanoparticles Supported on Magnetic Chitosan Matrix as Catalyst for Reduction of 4-Nitrophenol. Malaysian Journal of Fundamental and Applied Sciences, 15(3); 451–455
Saha, K., S. S. Agasti, C. Kim, X. Li, and V. M. Rotello (2012). Gold Nanoparticles in Chemical and Biological Sensing. Chemical Reviews, 112(5); 2739–2779
Saputra, E. (2024). A Colorimetric Detection of Creatinine Based-on EDTA Capped-Gold Nanoparticles (EDTA-AuNPs): Digital Image Colorimetry. Sensors International, 5; 100286
Sengan, M., R. K. Kamlekar, and A. Veerappan (2020). Highly Selective Rapid Colorimetric Sensing of Pb2+ Ion in Water Samples and Paint Based on Metal Induced Aggregation of N-Decanoyltromethamine Capped Gold Nanoparticles. Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy, 239; 118485
Shakhgildyan, G., L. Avakyan, G. Atroshchenko, M. Vetchinnikov, A. Zolikova, E. Ingat’eva, M. Ziyatdinova, E. Subcheva, L. Bugaev, and V. Sigaev (2024). Ultra-Broadband Plasmon Resonance in Gold Nanoparticles Precipitated in ZnO-Al2O3-SiO2 Glass. Chemistry and Materials Science.
Shamsuddin, M., F. Kamaludin, and S. Borhamdin (2020). Biosynthesis of Gold Nanoparticles-Peanut Shell Composite for Catalytic Reduction of Methyl Blue. Malaysian Journal of Fundamental and Applied Sciences, 16(2); 252–257
Shange, S. F., P. N. Kubheka, T. R. Makhanya, P. S. Mdluli, and N. Deenadayalu (2025). Development of a Highly Selective and Sensitive Colorimetric Detection of Manganese(II) Ion in Environmental Water Using 3-(4-Hydroxy-3-Methoxyphenyl)-2,3-Dihydropyrazolo[3,4-b]Indole-1(4H)-Carbothioamide Modified Gold Nanoparticles: A CIE L*a*b*/Yxy Colour Space Study. Journal of Molecular Liquids, 427; 127447
Sholehhudin, M., R. Azizah, A. Sumantri, S. M. Sham, Z. A. Zakaria, and M. T. Latif (2021). Analysis of Heavy Metals (Cadmium, Chromium, Lead, Manganese, and Zinc) in Well Water in East Java Province. Malaysian Journal of Medicine and Health Sciences, 17(2); 146–153
Sultana, E., M. Z. Rana, M. S. A. Mamun, M. Aly Saad Aly, G. E. Khedr, M. Nasiruddin, and M. Z. H. Khan (2025). Disodium EDTA-Capped AuNP-Engineered Cotton Pad as a Colorimetric Probe for Formalin Detection. RSC Advances, 15(13); 10442–10452
Sutton, C. C. R., G. da Silva, and G. V. Franks (2015). Modeling the IR Spectra of Aqueous Metal Carboxylate Complexes: Correlation between Bonding Geometry and Stretching Mode Wavenumber Shifts. Chemistry – A European Journal, 21(18); 6801–6805
Taha, A. and M. Shamsuddin (2014). Biosynthesis of Gold Nanoparticles Using Psidium guajava Leaf Extract. Malaysian Journal of Fundamental and Applied Sciences, 9(3)
Takayanagi, T., K. Miyake, S. Iwasaki, D. Uehara, H. Mizuguchi, H. Okabe, and N. Matsuda (2022). Highly Stable Gold Nanoparticles in an Aqueous Solution without Any Stabilizer Prepared by a Solution Plasma Process Evaluated through Capillary Zone Electrophoresis. Analytical Sciences, 38(9); 1199–1206
Turkevich, J., P. C. Stevenson, and J. Hillier (1951). A Study of the Nucleation and Growth Processes in the Synthesis of Colloidal Gold. Discussions of the Faraday Society, 11; 55
Vigneshvar, S., C. Sudhakumari, B. Senthilkumaran, and H. Prakash (2016). Recent Advances in Biosensor Technology for Potential Applications–An Overview. Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology, 4; 11
Wei, Z., A. Vandergriff, C.-H. Liu, M. Liaqat, M.-P. Nieh, Y. Lei, and J. He (2024). Strongly Coupled Plasmonic Metal Nanoparticles with Reversible pH-Responsiveness and Highly Reproducible SERS in Solution. Nanoscale, 16(2); 708–718
Ali, O. I. and A. B. Azzam (2023). Functional Ag-EDTA-Modified MnO2 Nanocoral Reef for Rapid Removal of Hazardous Copper from Wastewater. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 30(59); 123751–123769
Alpaslan, O., A. Yaras, and H. Arslanoğlu (2020). A Kinetic Model for Chelating Extraction of Metals from Spent Hydrodesulphurization Catalyst by Complexing Agent. Transactions of the Indian Institute of Metals, 73(7); 1925–1937
Amina, S. J. and B. Guo (2020). A Review on the Synthesis and Functionalization of Gold Nanoparticles as a Drug Delivery Vehicle. International Journal of Nanomedicine, 15; 9823–9857
Baker, M. G., Y. S. Lin, C. D. Simpson, L. M. Shireman, S. Searles Nielsen, B. A. Racette, and N. Seixas (2019). The Reproducibility of Urinary Ions in Manganese Exposed Workers. Journal of Trace Elements in Medicine and Biology, 51; 204–211
Butt, M. A., B. Imran Akca, and X. Mateos (2025). Integrated Photonic Biosensors: Enabling Next-Generation Lab-on-a-Chip Platforms. Nanomaterials, 15(10); 731
Cai, B., T. Ren, X. Yu, W. Lv, and Y. Liang (2024). Aptamer-Functionalized Gold Nanoparticles for Mercury Ion Detection in a Colorimetric Assay Based on Color Change Time as Signal Readout. Microchimica Acta, 191(1); 74
Chen, L., Y. Ye, H. Tan, and Y. Wang (2015). A Simple and Rapid Colorimetric Method for the Determination of Mn2+ Based on Pyrophosphate Modified Silver Nanoparticles. Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects, 478; 1–6
Chubarov, V. M. (2023). New Approach for Direct Determination of Manganese Valence State in Ferromanganese Nodules by X-Ray Fluorescence Spectrometry. Minerals, 13(10); 1329
Frens, G. (1973). Controlled Nucleation for the Regulation of the Particle Size in Monodisperse Gold Suspensions. Nature Physical Science, 241(105); 20–22
Gan, Y., T. Liang, Q. Hu, L. Zhong, X. Wang, H. Wan, and P. Wang (2020). In-Situ Detection of Cadmium with Aptamer Functionalized Gold Nanoparticles Based on Smartphone-Based Colorimetric System. Talanta, 208; 120231
Gusrizal, F. S. Budi, and D. Puspita (2026). Determination of Paraquat Using Microfluidic Paper-Based Analytical Device (μPAD) Immobilized with p-Hydroxybenzoic Acid Capped Silver Nanoparticles. Science and Technology Indonesia, 11(1); 323–334
Junaidi, D. A. Malik, M. Rizki, I. Pratiwi, P. Karo-Karo, R. Marjunus, D. Asmi, and S. Hadi (2024). Synthesis of Silver Nitrate by Evaporation Chemical Reduction Process as Potential Materials for Silver Nanowires Application. Science and Technology Indonesia, 9(3); 642–650
Karyakina, N. A., N. Shilnikova, N. Farhat, S. Ramoju, B. Cline, F. Momoli, D. Mattison, N. Jensen, R. Terrell, and D. Krewski (2022). Biomarkers for Occupational Manganese Exposure. Critical Reviews in Toxicology, 52(8); 636–663
Kasmiati, G., R. A. Sakinah, and B. Yudono (2020). The Analysis of Manganese (Mn) in Waste Water Treatment (IPAL) of Coal Mine of PT Bukit Asam Indonesia. Indonesian Journal of Fundamental and Applied Chemistry, 6(2); 53–58
Kohama, N., M. Kawahata, T. Okazaki, K. Sazawa, N. Hata, H. Kuramitz, and S. Taguchi (2025). Development of a Simple Visual and Image-Based Colorimetric Analytical Method for Mn2+ Using Solid-Phase Extraction with Sedimentable Dispersed Particulates. Microchemical Journal, 214; 114081
Kopru, S. and M. Soylak (2024). RETRACTED ARTICLE: Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS) Detection of Trace Metal Contents of Children Cosmetics. Optical and Quantum Electronics, 56(3); 399
Koushki, E. (2021). Effect of Conjugation with Organic Molecules on the Surface Plasmon Resonance of Gold Nanoparticles and Application in Optical Biosensing. RSC Advances, 11(38); 23390–23399
Kusuma, S. A. F., J. A. Harmonis, R. Pratiwi, and A. N. Hasanah (2023). Gold Nanoparticle-Based Colorimetric Sensors: Properties and Application in Detection of Heavy Metals and Biological Molecules. Sensors, 23(19); 8172
Lamothe, N., K. Elliott, Y. Pei, Y. Shi, K. Macdonald, S. J. Payne, and Z. She (2024). Electrochemical Detection of Manganese in Drinking Water with Chronoamperometry. Electrocatalysis, 15(4); 353–362
Laur, N., R. Kinscherf, K. Pomytkin, L. Kaiser, O. Knes, and H.-P. Deigner (2020). ICP-MS Trace Element Analysis in Serum and Whole Blood. PLoS One, 15(5); e0233357
Levy, B. S. and W. J. Nassetta (2003). Neurologic Effects of Manganese in Humans: A Review. International Journal of Occupational and Environmental Health, 9(2); 153–163
Li, L. and X. Yang (2018). The Essential Element Manganese, Oxidative Stress, and Metabolic Diseases: Links and Interactions. Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity, 2018(1); 7580707
Mohagheghpour, E., L. Farzin, A. Ghoorchian, S. Sadjadi, and M. Abdouss (2022). Selective Detection of Manganese(II) Ions Based on the Fluorescence Turn-On Response via Histidine Functionalized Carbon Quantum Dots. Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy, 279; 121409
Nadolski, K., F. Rondepierre, C. Jonin, T. M. Goszczyński, K. Matczyszyn, and P.-F. Brevet (2023). Sensing Copper(II) Ions with Hyper Rayleigh Scattering from Gold Nanoparticles. The Journal of Physical Chemistry C, 127(27); 13097–13104
Nakamoto, K. (2008). Infrared and Raman Spectra of Inorganic and Coordination Compounds: Part A: Theory and Applications in Inorganic Chemistry. Wiley, 1 edition
Narayanan, K. B. and H. H. Park (2014). Colorimetric Detection of Manganese(II) Ions Using Gold/Dopa Nanoparticles. Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy, 131; 132–137
Nitti, F., W. A. Ati, P. De Rozari, P. D. Ola, D. Tambaru, and L. Kadang (2023). Simple Microfluidic Paper-Based Analytical Device (μ-PAD) Coupled with Smartphone for Mn(II) Detection Using Tannin as a Green Reagent. Indonesian Journal of Chemistry, 23(4); 1095
Osibe, D. A. and H. Aoyagi (2019). A Novel Strategy for the Synthesis of Gold Nanoparticles with Catharanthus roseus Cell Suspension Culture. Materials Letters, 238; 317–320
Pandey, S., S. M. Gupta, and S. K. Sharma (2025). Detection of Manganese (II) by PVP-AgNPs for Water Monitoring. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 197(11); 1238
Pedroso-Santana, S. and N. Fleitas-Salazar (2023). The Use of Capping Agents in the Stabilization and Functionalization of Metallic Nanoparticles for Biomedical Applications. Particle & Particle Systems Characterization, 40(2); 2200146
Politis, M. D., J. C. Freedman, E. N. Haynes, and A. P. Sanders (2021). Association of Manganese Biomarker Concentrations with Blood Pressure and Kidney Parameters among Healthy Adolescents: NHANES 2013–2018. Children, 8(10); 846
Potts, J. C., A. Jain, D. B. Amabilino, F. J. Rawson, and L. Pérez-García (2023). Molecular Surface Quantification of Multifunctionalized Gold Nanoparticles Using UV–Visible Absorption Spectroscopy Deconvolution. Analytical Chemistry, 95(35); 12998–13002
Putri, S. A. A., S. M. Indirawati, and T. Ashar (2025). Risk Management of Manganese (Mn) Contamination in Drinking Water Sources. Indonesian Journal of Global Health Research, 7(4); 471–478
Raji, S. Q. and A. T. Bader (2024). Synthesis and Characterization of Ni(II) Schiff Base Complex as a Precursor for NiO Nanoparticles and an Investigation of Their Corrosion Inhibition. Science and Technology Indonesia, 9(4); 914–928
Ramzani, S., N. Khanjani, M. Mohammadyan, E. Babanezhad, and J. Yazdani-Charati (2022). Occupational Exposure to Manganese Among Welders: Association Between Airborne Manganese Concentration and Blood Manganese Levels. Health Scope, 11(1)
Riyanto, S. Mardliyaliari, A. Sabrina, and M. Ridho (2025). Synthesis of Au-Pd-NPs Materials and Application as Electrochemical Sensor of Hydroquinone in Cosmetics. Science and Technology Indonesia, 10(1); 294–302
Sadiq, Z., S. H. Safiabadi Tali, H. Hajimiri, M. Al-Kassawneh, and S. Jahanshahi-Anbuhi (2024). Gold Nanoparticles-Based Colorimetric Assays for Environmental Monitoring and Food Safety Evaluation. Critical Reviews in Analytical Chemistry, 54(7); 2209–2244
Saffee, N., M. Shamsuddin, and K. J. Abd Karim (2019). Biosynthesized Gold Nanoparticles Supported on Magnetic Chitosan Matrix as Catalyst for Reduction of 4-Nitrophenol. Malaysian Journal of Fundamental and Applied Sciences, 15(3); 451–455
Saha, K., S. S. Agasti, C. Kim, X. Li, and V. M. Rotello (2012). Gold Nanoparticles in Chemical and Biological Sensing. Chemical Reviews, 112(5); 2739–2779
Saputra, E. (2024). A Colorimetric Detection of Creatinine Based-on EDTA Capped-Gold Nanoparticles (EDTA-AuNPs): Digital Image Colorimetry. Sensors International, 5; 100286
Sengan, M., R. K. Kamlekar, and A. Veerappan (2020). Highly Selective Rapid Colorimetric Sensing of Pb2+ Ion in Water Samples and Paint Based on Metal Induced Aggregation of N-Decanoyltromethamine Capped Gold Nanoparticles. Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy, 239; 118485
Shakhgildyan, G., L. Avakyan, G. Atroshchenko, M. Vetchinnikov, A. Zolikova, E. Ingat’eva, M. Ziyatdinova, E. Subcheva, L. Bugaev, and V. Sigaev (2024). Ultra-Broadband Plasmon Resonance in Gold Nanoparticles Precipitated in ZnO-Al2O3-SiO2 Glass. Chemistry and Materials Science.
Shamsuddin, M., F. Kamaludin, and S. Borhamdin (2020). Biosynthesis of Gold Nanoparticles-Peanut Shell Composite for Catalytic Reduction of Methyl Blue. Malaysian Journal of Fundamental and Applied Sciences, 16(2); 252–257
Shange, S. F., P. N. Kubheka, T. R. Makhanya, P. S. Mdluli, and N. Deenadayalu (2025). Development of a Highly Selective and Sensitive Colorimetric Detection of Manganese(II) Ion in Environmental Water Using 3-(4-Hydroxy-3-Methoxyphenyl)-2,3-Dihydropyrazolo[3,4-b]Indole-1(4H)-Carbothioamide Modified Gold Nanoparticles: A CIE L*a*b*/Yxy Colour Space Study. Journal of Molecular Liquids, 427; 127447
Sholehhudin, M., R. Azizah, A. Sumantri, S. M. Sham, Z. A. Zakaria, and M. T. Latif (2021). Analysis of Heavy Metals (Cadmium, Chromium, Lead, Manganese, and Zinc) in Well Water in East Java Province. Malaysian Journal of Medicine and Health Sciences, 17(2); 146–153
Sultana, E., M. Z. Rana, M. S. A. Mamun, M. Aly Saad Aly, G. E. Khedr, M. Nasiruddin, and M. Z. H. Khan (2025). Disodium EDTA-Capped AuNP-Engineered Cotton Pad as a Colorimetric Probe for Formalin Detection. RSC Advances, 15(13); 10442–10452
Sutton, C. C. R., G. da Silva, and G. V. Franks (2015). Modeling the IR Spectra of Aqueous Metal Carboxylate Complexes: Correlation between Bonding Geometry and Stretching Mode Wavenumber Shifts. Chemistry – A European Journal, 21(18); 6801–6805
Taha, A. and M. Shamsuddin (2014). Biosynthesis of Gold Nanoparticles Using Psidium guajava Leaf Extract. Malaysian Journal of Fundamental and Applied Sciences, 9(3)
Takayanagi, T., K. Miyake, S. Iwasaki, D. Uehara, H. Mizuguchi, H. Okabe, and N. Matsuda (2022). Highly Stable Gold Nanoparticles in an Aqueous Solution without Any Stabilizer Prepared by a Solution Plasma Process Evaluated through Capillary Zone Electrophoresis. Analytical Sciences, 38(9); 1199–1206
Turkevich, J., P. C. Stevenson, and J. Hillier (1951). A Study of the Nucleation and Growth Processes in the Synthesis of Colloidal Gold. Discussions of the Faraday Society, 11; 55
Vigneshvar, S., C. Sudhakumari, B. Senthilkumaran, and H. Prakash (2016). Recent Advances in Biosensor Technology for Potential Applications–An Overview. Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology, 4; 11
Wei, Z., A. Vandergriff, C.-H. Liu, M. Liaqat, M.-P. Nieh, Y. Lei, and J. He (2024). Strongly Coupled Plasmonic Metal Nanoparticles with Reversible pH-Responsiveness and Highly Reproducible SERS in Solution. Nanoscale, 16(2); 708–718
Authors
Badi'ah, H. I., Shinta Wulansari, & Ulfatun Hasanah. (2026). Rapid and Sensitive Gold Nanoparticles Based Colorimetric Sensor for Mn(II) Ions Detection: A Potential Approach for Urinary Health Monitoring. Science and Technology Indonesia, 11(4), 1344–1359. https://doi.org/10.26554/sti.2026.11.4.1344-1359
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.