Study of The Electrical, Optical and Morphological Properties in Submicron and Microstructured ZnO Thin Films Obtained by Spin Coating and Chemical Bath Deposition
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Keywords:
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ZnO Semiconductor, Nanostructured Films, Texturized Films, n-Type Semiconductor
Abstract
In the present work the synthesis of ZnO semiconductor thin films was performed successively using spin coating and chemical bath deposition techniques. The deposition was made by varying the concentration of zinc acetate and hexamethylenetetramine (HMTA: ZnAc) in the precursor solution. This process led to two preferred growth directions (002) and (101), both with very similar texture coefficients, too; a noticeable change in morphology of structured surface, variation in unit cell parameters and crystalline grain size. All the films turned out homogeneously submicro and microstructured and with a wurtzite-type hexagonal crystalline structure. Using pre-loaded Mathematica 11.3 software functions and an algorithm developed in it, the micrographies were analyzed to calculate the percentage of substrate-covered area which was always greater than 80%. Likewise, it also found that resistivity decreases at a higher percentage of covered area and that the variation in the shape of the photo luminescent emission spectrum can be considered as a qualitative indication of the concentration of charge carriers.
References
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Muiva, C., T. Sathiaraj, and K. Maabong (2011). Eect of Doping Concentration on The Properties of Aluminium Doped Zinc Oxide Thin Films Prepared by Spray Pyrolysis for Transparent Electrode Applications. Ceramics International, 37(2); 555–560
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Ramos-Brito, F., C. Alejo-Armenta, M. García-Hipólito, E. Camarillo, and C. Falcony (2011). Synthesis of Zinc Oxide Microrods and Nano-Fibers with Dominant Exciton Emission at Room Temperature. Journal of Luminescence, 131(5); 874–879
Rana, A. U. H. S., J. Y. Lee, A. Shahid, and H. S. Kim (2017). Growth Method-Dependent and Defect Density-Oriented Structural, Optical, Conductive, and Physical Properties of Solution-Grown ZnO Nanostructures. Nanomaterials, 7(9); 266
Rasband, W. (2012). ImageJ: Image Processing and Analysis in Java. Astrophysics Source Code Library; ascl–1206
Shinde, V. R., T. P. Gujar, T. Noda, D. Fujita, A. Vinu, M. Grandcolas, and J. Ye (2010). Growth of Shape-and Size-Selective Zinc Oxide Nanorods by a Microwave-Assisted Chemical Bath Deposition Method: Eect on Photocatalysis Properties. Chemistry–A European Journal, 16(34); 10569–10575
Siva, V., K. Park, M. S. Kim, Y. J. Kim, G. J. Lee, M. J. Kim, and Y. M. Song (2019). Mapping The Structural, Electrical, and Optical Properties of Hydrothermally Grown Phosphorus-Doped ZnO Nanorods for Optoelectronic Device Applications. Nanoscale Research Letters, 14(1); 1–9
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Wahab, R., N. Kaushik, F. Khan, N. K. Kaushik, E. H. Choi, J. Musarrat, and A. A. Al-Khedhairy (2016). Self-Styled ZnO Nanostructures Promotes The Cancer Cell Damage and Supresses The Epithelial Phenotype of Glioblastoma. Scientic Reports, 6(1); 1–13
Wang, Y., W. Tang, and L. Zhang (2015). Crystalline Size Effects on Texture Coefficient, Electrical and Optical Properties of Sputter-Deposited Ga-Doped ZnO Thin Films. Journal of Materials Science & Technology, 31(2); 175–181
Weisbuch, C. (2018). Historical Perspective on The Physics of Artificial Lighting. Comptes Rendus Physique, 19(3); 89-112
Wu, W. Y., T. L. Chen, and J. M. Ting (2010). Eects of Seed Layer Precursor Type on The Synthesis of ZnO Nanowires Using Chemical Bath Deposition. Journal of The Electrochemical Society, 157(8); K177
Yamada, T., A. Miyake, S. Kishimoto, H. Makino, N. Yamamoto, and T. Yamamoto (2007). Low Resistivity Ga-Doped ZnO Thin Films of Less Than 100 nm Thickness Prepared by Ion Plating with Direct Current Arc Discharge. Applied Physics Letters, 91(5); 051915
Yeap, G. (2013). Smart Mobile SoCs Driving The Semiconductor Industry: Technology Trend, Challenges and Opportunities. In IEEE International Electron Devices Meeting. IEEE; 1–3
Zhang, D., J. Zhang, Y. Cheng, L. Yuan, and X. Miao (2010). Ultraviolet Emission and Electrical Properties of Aluminum-Doped Zinc Oxide Thin Films with Preferential C-Axis Orientation. Journal of The American Ceramic Society, 93(10); 3291–3298
Zhang, Z., É. Ódor, D. Farkas, B. Jóni, G. Ribárik, G. Tichy, S. H. Nandam, J. Ivanisenko, M. Preuss, and T. Ungár (2020). Dislocations in Grain Boundary Regions: The Origin of Heterogeneous Microstrains in Nanocrystalline Materials. Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A, 51(1); 513–530
Zhu, D. and Q. Zhou (2019). Action and Mechanism of Semiconductor Photocatalysis on Degradation of Organic Pollutants in Water Treatment: a Review. Environmental Nanotechnology, Monitoring & Management, 12; 100255
ZKTang, G., P. Y. Wong, M. Kawasaki, A. Ohtomo, H. Koinuma, and Y. Segawa (1998). Room-Temperature Ultraviolet Laser Emission from Self-Assembled ZnO Microcrystalline Thin Films. Applied Physics Letters, 72; 3270– 3272
Bian, J., X. Li, C. Zhang, L. Chen, and Q. Yao (2004). Synthesis and Characterization of Two-Layer-Structured ZnO pn Homojunctions by Ultrasonic Spray Pyrolysis. Applied physics letters, 84(19); 3783–3785
Bindu, P. and S. Thomas (2014). Estimation of Lattice Strain in ZnO Nanoparticles: X-Ray Peak Profile Analysis. Journal of Theoretical and Applied Physics, 8(4); 123–134
Carcia, P., R. McLean, and M. Reilly (2006). High-Performance ZnO Thin-Film Transistors on Gate Dielectrics Grown by Atomic Layer Deposition. Applied Physics Letters, 88(12); 123509
Chandrasekaran, M. and M. Pandurangan (2016). In Vitro Selective Anti-Proliferative Effect of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Against Co-Cultured C2C12 Myoblastoma Cancer and 3T3-L1 Normal Cells. Biological Trace Element Research, 172(1); 148–154
Chang, S. B., H. U. Chae, and H. S. Kim (2017). Structural, Optical, Electrical and Morphological Properties of Different Concentration Sol-Gel ZnO Seeds and Consanguineous ZnO Nanostructured Growth Dependence on Seeds. Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 729; 571–582
Chen, T. L. and J. M. Ting (2016). Correlation Between Seed Layer Characteristics and Structures/Properties of Chemical Bath Synthesized ZnO Nanowires. Surface and Coatings Technology, 303; 197–202
Chou, S. M., L. G. Teoh, W. H. Lai, Y. H. Su, and M. H. Hon (2006). ZnO: Al Thin Film Gas Sensor for Detection of Ethanol Vapor. Sensors, 6(10); 1420–1427
Cullity, B. and S. Stock (2001). Elements of X-Ray Diffraction Third Edition. Prenrice Hall, New Jersey
Félix-Quintero, H., J. Angulo-Rocha, S. Murrieta, A. Hernández, G. Camarillo, J. Flores, C. Alejo-Armenta, M. García-Hipolito, and F. Ramos-Brito (2017). Study on Grow Process and Optical Properties of ZnO Microrods Synthesized by Hydrothermal Method. Journal of Luminescence, 182; 107–113
Gayral, B. (2017). LEDs for Lighting: Basic Physics and Prospects for Energy Savings. Comptes Rendus Physique, 18(7-8); 453–461
Gonçalves, G., V. Grasso, P. Barquinha, L. Pereira, E. Elamurugu, M. Brignone, R. Martins, V. Lambertini, and E. Fortunato (2011). Role of Room Temperature Sputtered High Conductive and High Transparent Indium Zinc Oxide Film Contacts on The Performance of Orange, Green, and Blue Organic Light Emitting Diodes. Plasma Processes and Polymers, 8(4); 340–345
Gupta, J., P. Bhargava, and D. Bahadur (2015). Fluorescent ZnO for Imaging and Induction of DNA Fragmentation and ROS-Mediated Apoptosis in Cancer Cells. Journal of Materials Chemistry B, 3(9); 1968–1978
Hanley, C., J. Layne, A. Punnoose, K. Reddy, I. Coombs, A. Coombs, K. Feris, and D. Wingett (2008). Preferential Killing of Cancer Cells and Activated Human T Cells Using ZnO Nanoparticles. Nanotechnology, 19(29); 295103
Hassan, H. F. H., A. M. Mansour, A. M. H. Abo-Youssef, B. E. Elsadek, and B. A. S. Messiha (2017). Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles as a Novel Anticancer Approach; In Vitro and In Vivo Evidence. Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology and Physiology, 44(2); 235–243
Kalita, A. and M. Kalita (2015). Size Dependence of Lattice Parameters in ZnO Nanocrystals. Applied Physics A, 121(2); 521–524
Karthikeyan, C., P. Arunachalam, K. Ramachandran, A. M. Al-Mayouf, and S. Karuppuchamy (2020). Recent Advances in Semiconductor Metal Oxides with Enhanced Methods for Solar Photocatalytic Applications. Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 828; 154281
Kc, B., S. N. Paudel, S. Rayamajhi, D. Karna, S. Adhikari, B. G. Shrestha, and G. Bisht (2016). Enhanced Preferential Cytotoxicity Through Surface Modication: Synthesis, Characterization and Comparative In Vitro Evaluation of TritonX-100 Modified and Unmodied Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles in Human Breast Cancer Cell (MDA-MB-231). Chemistry Central Journal, 10(1); 2–10
Kim, K. K., J. H. Song, H. J. Jung, W. K. Choi, S. J. Park, and J. H. Song (2000). The Grain Size Effects on The Photoluminescence of ZnO/????-Al2O3 Grown by Radio-Frequency Magnetron Sputtering. Journal of Applied Physics, 87(7); 3573–3575
Lu, J., S. Fujita, T. Kawaharamura, and H. Nishinaka (2007). Roles of Hydrogen and Nitrogen in p-Type Doping of ZnO. Chemical Physics Letters, 441(1-3); 68–71
Lu, Y., H. Ni, Z. Mai, and Z. Ren (2000). The Effects of Thermal Annealing on ZnO Thin Films Grown by Pulsed Laser Deposition. Journal of Applied Physics, 88(1); 498–502
Muiva, C., T. Sathiaraj, and K. Maabong (2011). Eect of Doping Concentration on The Properties of Aluminium Doped Zinc Oxide Thin Films Prepared by Spray Pyrolysis for Transparent Electrode Applications. Ceramics International, 37(2); 555–560
Nanda, S. S., M. J. Kim, K. Kim, G. C. Papaefthymiou, S. T. Selvan, and D. K. Yi (2017). Recent Advances in Biocompatible Semiconductor Nanocrystals for Immunobiological Applications. Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces, 159; 644–654
Nguyen, T. M. T., P. W. Wang, H. M. Hsu, F. Y. Cheng, D. B. Shieh, T. Y. Wong, and H. J. Chang (2019). Dental Cement’s Biological and Mechanical Properties Improved by ZnO Nanospheres. Materials Science and Engineering: C, 97; 116–123
Özgür, Ü., Y. I. Alivov, C. Liu, A. Teke, M. Reshchikov, S. Doğan, V. Avrutin, S. J. Cho, Morkoç, and H (2005a). A Comprehensive Review of ZnO Materials and Devices. Journal of Applied Physics, 98(4); 11
Özgür, Ü., Y. I. Alivov, C. Liu, A. Teke, M. Reshchikov, S. Doğan, V. Avrutin, S. J. Cho, Morkoç, and H (2005b). A Comprehensive Review of ZnO Materials and Devices. Journal of Applied Physics, 98(4); 11
Pandurangan, M., G. Enkhtaivan, and D. H. Kim (2016). Anticancer Studies of Synthesized ZnO Nanoparticles Against Human Cervical Carcinoma Cells. Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology B: Biology, 158; 206–211
Park, S. H., J. B. Park, and P. K. Song (2010). Characteristics of Al-Doped, Ga-Doped and In-Doped Zinc-Oxide Films as Transparent Conducting Electrodes in Organic Light-Emitting Diodes. Current Applied Physics, 10(3); S488–S490
Rahman, F. (2019). Zinc Oxide Light-Emitting Diodes: a Review. Optical Engineering, 58(1); 010901
Ramos-Brito, F., C. Alejo-Armenta, M. García-Hipólito, E. Camarillo, and C. Falcony (2011). Synthesis of Zinc Oxide Microrods and Nano-Fibers with Dominant Exciton Emission at Room Temperature. Journal of Luminescence, 131(5); 874–879
Rana, A. U. H. S., J. Y. Lee, A. Shahid, and H. S. Kim (2017). Growth Method-Dependent and Defect Density-Oriented Structural, Optical, Conductive, and Physical Properties of Solution-Grown ZnO Nanostructures. Nanomaterials, 7(9); 266
Rasband, W. (2012). ImageJ: Image Processing and Analysis in Java. Astrophysics Source Code Library; ascl–1206
Shinde, V. R., T. P. Gujar, T. Noda, D. Fujita, A. Vinu, M. Grandcolas, and J. Ye (2010). Growth of Shape-and Size-Selective Zinc Oxide Nanorods by a Microwave-Assisted Chemical Bath Deposition Method: Eect on Photocatalysis Properties. Chemistry–A European Journal, 16(34); 10569–10575
Siva, V., K. Park, M. S. Kim, Y. J. Kim, G. J. Lee, M. J. Kim, and Y. M. Song (2019). Mapping The Structural, Electrical, and Optical Properties of Hydrothermally Grown Phosphorus-Doped ZnO Nanorods for Optoelectronic Device Applications. Nanoscale Research Letters, 14(1); 1–9
Solati, E. and D. Dorranian (2017). Estimation of Lattice Strain in ZnO Nanoparticles Produced by Laser Ablation at Different Temperatures. Journal of Applied Spectroscopy, 84(3); 490–497
Suhaimi, L. and A. Yuwono (2019). Optical Properties of ZnO Nanorods Derived from Chemical Bath Deposition Process with Different Seeds Solution Concentration. In IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, 541; 012034
Vandebriel, R. J. and W. H. De Jong (2012). A Review of Mammalian Toxicity of ZnO Nanoparticles. Nanotechnology, Science and Applications, 5; 61
Viezbicke, B. D., S. Patel, B. E. Davis, and D. P. Birnie III (2015). Evaluation of The Tauc Method for Optical Absorption Edge Determination: ZnO Thin Films as a Model System. Physica Status Solidi (B), 252(8); 1700–1710
Wahab, R., N. Kaushik, F. Khan, N. K. Kaushik, E. H. Choi, J. Musarrat, and A. A. Al-Khedhairy (2016). Self-Styled ZnO Nanostructures Promotes The Cancer Cell Damage and Supresses The Epithelial Phenotype of Glioblastoma. Scientic Reports, 6(1); 1–13
Wang, Y., W. Tang, and L. Zhang (2015). Crystalline Size Effects on Texture Coefficient, Electrical and Optical Properties of Sputter-Deposited Ga-Doped ZnO Thin Films. Journal of Materials Science & Technology, 31(2); 175–181
Weisbuch, C. (2018). Historical Perspective on The Physics of Artificial Lighting. Comptes Rendus Physique, 19(3); 89-112
Wu, W. Y., T. L. Chen, and J. M. Ting (2010). Eects of Seed Layer Precursor Type on The Synthesis of ZnO Nanowires Using Chemical Bath Deposition. Journal of The Electrochemical Society, 157(8); K177
Yamada, T., A. Miyake, S. Kishimoto, H. Makino, N. Yamamoto, and T. Yamamoto (2007). Low Resistivity Ga-Doped ZnO Thin Films of Less Than 100 nm Thickness Prepared by Ion Plating with Direct Current Arc Discharge. Applied Physics Letters, 91(5); 051915
Yeap, G. (2013). Smart Mobile SoCs Driving The Semiconductor Industry: Technology Trend, Challenges and Opportunities. In IEEE International Electron Devices Meeting. IEEE; 1–3
Zhang, D., J. Zhang, Y. Cheng, L. Yuan, and X. Miao (2010). Ultraviolet Emission and Electrical Properties of Aluminum-Doped Zinc Oxide Thin Films with Preferential C-Axis Orientation. Journal of The American Ceramic Society, 93(10); 3291–3298
Zhang, Z., É. Ódor, D. Farkas, B. Jóni, G. Ribárik, G. Tichy, S. H. Nandam, J. Ivanisenko, M. Preuss, and T. Ungár (2020). Dislocations in Grain Boundary Regions: The Origin of Heterogeneous Microstrains in Nanocrystalline Materials. Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A, 51(1); 513–530
Zhu, D. and Q. Zhou (2019). Action and Mechanism of Semiconductor Photocatalysis on Degradation of Organic Pollutants in Water Treatment: a Review. Environmental Nanotechnology, Monitoring & Management, 12; 100255
ZKTang, G., P. Y. Wong, M. Kawasaki, A. Ohtomo, H. Koinuma, and Y. Segawa (1998). Room-Temperature Ultraviolet Laser Emission from Self-Assembled ZnO Microcrystalline Thin Films. Applied Physics Letters, 72; 3270– 3272
Authors
C. López-Esmerio, C. Ruiz-Rojas, J. Angulo-Rocha, E. Lizárraga-Medina, Ramos-Brito, F., E. Camarillo-García, R. Martinez-Martinez, M. Aguilar-Frutis, & M. García-Hipólito. (2022). Study of The Electrical, Optical and Morphological Properties in Submicron and Microstructured ZnO Thin Films Obtained by Spin Coating and Chemical Bath Deposition. Science and Technology Indonesia, 7(3), 291–302. https://doi.org/10.26554/sti.2022.7.3.291-302
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