Investigation of the Physical Properties and Droplet Combustion Analysis of Biofuel from Mixed Vegetable Oil and Clove Oil
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Keywords:
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Biofuel, Vegetable Oil, Clove Oil, Micro-Explosion, Combustion
Abstract
The study of vegetable oil used as fuel in conventional engines leads to problems like the low volatility and high viscosity. This research aims to evaluate the droplet combustion characteristics that correlated with the density, viscosity, and the flash point of the biofuel from mixed vegetable oil with clove oil. Biofuels used in research are Jatropha Oil (CJO), Kapok Oil (KSO), Coconut oil (CCO), and all biofuel mixed with clove oil in 5% basis volume. Fuel properties that tested both biofuel and fuel mixture using the ASTM method are density (ASTM D1298), viscosity (ASTM D445), The flash point (ASTM D93). The droplet combustion experiment used suspended droplets placed in the junction of the K-type thermocouple and the Ni-Cr wire (as the coil heater) to heat the droplet until the combustion occurred. The result indicates that adding 5% clove oil in biofuel creates higher density, the viscosity decreases until 10%, and the flash point decrease to 30%. Droplet combustion results that adding 5% clove oil creating a more complete combustion process in CCO than KSO and CJO. Higher viscosity in KSO and CJO leads to eugenol and terpene (clove oil compound) trapping in the fuel droplet. Due to eugenol and terpene having great volatility, they are evaporating rapidly leading to secondary atomization and micro-explosion phenomena.
References
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Vedharaj, S., R. Vallinayagam, W. Yang, S. Chou, K. Chua, and P. Lee (2013). Experimental Investigation of Kapok (Ceiba pentandra) Oil Biodiesel as an Alternate Fuel for Diesel Engine. Energy Conversion and Management, 75; 773–779
Wardana, I. (2010). Combustion Characteristics of Jatropha Oil Droplet at Various Oil Temperatures. Fuel, 89(3); 659–664
Wirawan, I., I. Wardana, R. Soenoko, and S. Wahyudi (2014). Premixed Combustion of Kapok (Ceiba pentandra) Seed Oil on Perforated Burner. International Journal of Renewable Energy Development, 3(2); 91-97
Altaie, M. A. H., R. B. Janius, U. Rashid, Y. H. T. Yap, R. Yunus, and R. Zakaria (2015). Cold Flow and Fuel Properties of Methyl Oleate and Palm-Oil Methyl Ester Blends. Fuel, 160; 238–244
Atabani, A., A. Silitonga, H. Ong, T. Mahlia, H. Masjuki, I. A. Badruddin, and H. Fayaz (2013). Non-Edible Vegetable Oils: a Critical Evaluation of Oil Extraction, Fatty Acid Compositions, Biodiesel Production, Characteristics, Engine Performance and Emissions Production. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 18; 211–245
Blin, J., C. Brunschwig, A. Chapuis, O. Changotade, S. Sidibe, E. S. Noumi, and P. Girard (2013). Characteristics of Vegetable Oils for Use as Fuel in Stationary Diesel Engines-Towards Specications for a Standard in West Africa. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 22; 580–597
Carareto, N. D., C. Y. Kimura, E. C. Oliveira, M. C. Costa, and A. J. Meirelles (2012). Flash Points of Mixtures Containing Ethyl Esters or Ethylic Biodiesel and Ethanol. Fuel, 96; 319–326
Che Hamzah, N. H., N. Khairuddin, B. M. Siddique, and M. A. Hassan (2020). Potential of Jatropha curcas L. as Biodiesel Feedstock in Malaysia: a Concise Review. Processes, 8(7); 786
Chinnamma, M., S. Bhasker, H. Madhav, R. M. Devasia, A. Shashidharan, B. C. Pillai, and P. Thevannoor (2015). Production of Coconut Methyl Ester (CME) and Glycerol from Coconut (Cocos nucifera) Oil and the Functional Feasibility of CME as Biofuel in Diesel Engine. Fuel, 140; 4–9
Conceição, M. M., R. A. Candeia, H. J. Dantas, L. E. Soledade, V. J. Fernandes, and A. G. Souza (2005). Rheological Behavior of Castor Oil Biodiesel. Energy & Fuels, 19(5); 2185– 2188
Coughlin, B. and A. Hoxie (2017). Combustion Characteristics of Ternary Fuel Blends: Pentanol, Butanol and Vegetable Oil. Fuel, 196; 488–496
Demirbas, A. (2008). Biofuels Sources, Biofuel Policy, Biofuel Economy and Global Biofuel Projections. Energy Conversion and Management, 49(8); 2106–2116
Fu, J. and S. Q. Turn (2018). Effects of Aromatic Fluids on Properties and Stability of Alternative Marine Diesels. Fuel, 216; 171–180
Gad, M., Z. He, A. El-Shafay, and A. I. EL-Seesy (2021). Combustion Characteristics of a Diesel Engine Running with Mandarin Essential Oil-Diesel Mixtures and Propanol Additive Under Different Exhaust Gas Recirculation: Experimental Investigation and Numerical Simulation. Case Studies in Thermal Engineering, 26; 101100
Gamayel, A., M. Mohammed, S. Al-Zubaidi, and E. Yusuf (2020). A Potential Study on Droplet Combustion Performance of Vegetable Oil-Clove Oil Blend. International Journal of Advanced Science and Technology, 29; 1555–63
Han, M. (2013). The Effects of Synthetically Designed Diesel Fuel Properties–Cetane Number, Aromatic Content, Distillation Temperature, on Low-Temperature Diesel Combustion. Fuel, 109; 512–519
Hoxie, A., R. Schoo, and J. Braden (2014). Microexplosive Combustion Behavior of Blended Soybean Oil and Butanol Droplets. Fuel, 120; 22–29
Huang, H., R. Huang, X. Guo, M. Pan, W. Teng, Y. Chen, and Z. Li (2019). Eects of Pine Oil Additive and Pilot Injection Strategies on Energy Distribution, Combustion and Emissions in a Diesel Engine at Low-Load Condition. Applied Energy, 250; 185–197
Jeevanantham, A., D. M. Reddy, N. Goyal, D. Bansal, G. Kumar, A. Kumar, K. Nanthagopal, and B. Ashok (2020). Experimental Study on the Effect of Cetane Improver with Turpentine Oil on CI Engine Characteristics. Fuel, 262; 116551
Jeyakumar, N. and B. Narayanasamy (2019). Clove as Antioxidant Additive in Diesel–Biodiesel Fuel Blends in Diesel Engines. International Journal of Green Energy, 16(4); 284–292
Keshavarz, M. H. and M. Ghanbarzadeh (2011). Simple Method for Reliable Predicting Flash Points of Unsaturated Hydrocarbons. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 193; 335–341
Lapuerta, M., J. Rodríguez-Fernandez, R. García-Contreras, and M. Bogarra (2015). Molecular Interactions in Blends of Alcohols with Diesel Fuels: Effect on Stability and Distillation. Fuel, 139; 171–179
Laza, T. and Á. Bereczky (2011). Basic Fuel Properties of Rapeseed Oil-Higher Alcohols Blends. Fuel, 90(2); 803-810
Mbarawa, M. (2010). The Effect of Clove Oil and Diesel Fuel Blends on the Engine Performance and Exhaust Emissions of a Compression-Ignition Engine. Biomass and Bioenergy, 34(11); 1555–1561
Meher, L., C. Churamani, M. Arif, Z. Ahmed, and S. Naik (2013). Jatropha curcas as a Renewable Source for Bio Fuels-a Review. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 26; 397–407
Meng, K., L. Bao, Y. Shi, K. Han, Q. Lin, and C. Wang (2020). Experimental Investigation on Ignition, Combustion and Micro-Explosion of RP-3, Biodiesel and Ethanol Blended Droplets. Applied Thermal Engineering, 178; 115649
Misra, R. and M. Murthy (2010). Straight Vegetable Oils Usage in a Compression Ignition Engine-a Review. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 14(9); 3005–3013
Nakpong, P. and S. Wootthikanokkhan (2010). High Free Fatty Acid Coconut Oil as a Potential Feedstock for Biodiesel Production in Thailand. Renewable Energy, 35(8); 1682–1687
No, S. Y. (2011). Inedible Vegetable Oils and Their Derivatives for Alternative Diesel Fuels in CI Engines: a Review. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 15(1); 131–149
Rahman, S. A., T. C. Van, F. Hossain, M. Jafari, A. Dowell, M. Islam, M. N. Nabi, A. Marchese, J. Tryner, and T. Rainey (2019). Fuel Properties and Emission Characteristics of Essential Oil Blends in a Compression Ignition Engine. Fuel, 238; 440–453
Rao, D. C. K., S. Karmakar, and S. Som (2017). Puffing and Micro-Explosion Behavior in Combustion of Butanol/Jet A-1 and Acetone-Butanol-Ethanol (ABE)/Jet A-1 Fuel Droplets. Combustion Science and Technology, 189(10); 1796–1812
Romuli, S., S. Karaj, C. R. Correa, A. Kruse, and J. Müller (2019). Physico-Mechanical Properties and Thermal Decomposition Characteristics of Pellets from Jatropha curcas L. Residues as Aected by Water Addition. Biofuels; 1–8
Sajjadi, B., A. A. A. Raman, and H. Arandiyan (2016). A Comprehensive Review on Properties of Edible and Non Edible Vegetable Oil-Based Biodiesel: Composition, Specifications and Prediction Models. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 63; 62–92
Vallinayagam, R., S. Vedharaj, W. Yang, P. Lee, K. Chua, and S. Chou (2013). Combustion Performance and Emission Characteristics Study of Pine Oil in a Diesel Engine. Energy, 57; 344–351
Vedharaj, S., R. Vallinayagam, W. Yang, S. Chou, K. Chua, and P. Lee (2013). Experimental Investigation of Kapok (Ceiba pentandra) Oil Biodiesel as an Alternate Fuel for Diesel Engine. Energy Conversion and Management, 75; 773–779
Wardana, I. (2010). Combustion Characteristics of Jatropha Oil Droplet at Various Oil Temperatures. Fuel, 89(3); 659–664
Wirawan, I., I. Wardana, R. Soenoko, and S. Wahyudi (2014). Premixed Combustion of Kapok (Ceiba pentandra) Seed Oil on Perforated Burner. International Journal of Renewable Energy Development, 3(2); 91-97
Authors
Gamayel, A., Zaenudin, M. ., Mohammed, M. N. ., & Yusuf, E. . (2022). Investigation of the Physical Properties and Droplet Combustion Analysis of Biofuel from Mixed Vegetable Oil and Clove Oil. Science and Technology Indonesia, 7(4), 500–507. https://doi.org/10.26554/sti.2022.7.4.500-507
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