Improving the Characteristics of Edible Film Using Modified Cassava Starch Over Ethanol Precipitation
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Keywords:
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Cassava Starch, Precipitation, Modified Starch, Edible Film
Abstract
Cassava starch has been widely explored as film forming material, however its hydrophilicity restricts its application. Hydrophobic material such as modified starch can be used in the film elaboration to improve its quality. This study aims to examine the effect of modified cassava starch concentration on the physical, barrier, and mechanical properties of edible films. A completely randomized design was used with 5 concentrations of modified starch at 0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20% and 4 repetitions to obtain a total of 20 experimental combinations. The ANOVA showed that the modified starch concentration affected the compressive strength, thickness, transparency, and solubility of the edible film, but has no effect on its water vapor transmission rate (WVTR). Usage of 20% modified starch gave the product with the best characteristics at 0.22 mm thickness, 89.45 N/m2 strength, 6.484%/mm transparency, 52.19% solubility, and 21.00 g/m2.hour WVTR.
References
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Silva, O. A., M. G. Pella, M. G. Pella, J. Caetano, M. R. Simões, P. R. Bittencourt, and D. C. Dragunski (2019). Synthesis and Characterization of a Low Solubility Edible Film Based on Native Cassava Starch. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 128; 290–296
Totosaus, A., I. A. Godoy, and T. J. Ariza-Ortega (2020). Structural and Mechanical Properties of Edible Films from Composite Mixtures of Starch, Dextrin and Different Types of Chemically Modified Starch. International Journal of Polymer Analysis and Characterization, 25(7); 517–528
Ulyarti, U., L. Lisani, S. Surhaini, P. Lumbanraja, B. Satrio, S. Supriyadi, and N. Nazarudin (2022). The Application of Gelatinisation Techniques in Modication of Cassava and Yam Starches Using Precipitation Method. Journal of Food Science and Technology, 59(3); 1230–1238
Ulyarti, U., N. Nazarudin, R. Ramadon, and P. Lumbanraja (2020). Cassava Starch Edible Film with Addition of Gelatin or Modified Cassava Starch. In IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, volume 515. IOP Publishing, page 012030
Wang, S., J. Yu, J. Yu, and H. Liu (2008). Granule Structure of C-Type Chinese Yam (Dioscorea opposita Thunb var. Zhong bowen) Starch by Acid Hydrolysis. Food Hydrocolloids, 22(4); 538–542
Wolf, C., H. Angellier-Coussy, N. Gontard, F. Doghieri, and V. Guillard (2018). How the Shape of Fillers Aspects the Barrier Properties of Polymer/Non-Porous Particles Nanocomposites: A Review. Journal of Membrane Science, 556; 393–418
Zhang, S. and H. Zhao (2017). Preparation and Properties of Zein–Rutin Composite Nanoparticle/Corn Starch Films. Carbohydrate Polymers, 169; 385–392
Zhou, Y., X. Wu, J. Chen, and J. He (2021). Effects of Cinnamon Essential Oil on the Physical, Mechanical, Structural and Thermal Properties of Cassava Starch-Based Edible Films. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 184; 574–583
Alves, J., K. Dos Reis, E. Menezes, F. Pereira, and J. Pereira (2015). Effect of Cellulose Nanocrystals and Gelatin in Corn Starch Plasticized Films. Carbohydrate Polymers, 115; 215–222
Chin, S. F., S. C. Pang, and S. H. Tay (2011). Size Controlled Synthesis of Starch Nanoparticles by a Simple Nanoprecipitation Method. Carbohydrate Polymers, 86(4); 1817–1819
Farrag, Y., S. Malmir, B. Montero, M. Rico, S. Rodríguez Llamazares, L. Barral, and R. Bouza (2018). Starch Edible Films Loaded with Donut-Shaped Starch Microparticles. LWT, 98; 62–68
González, K., A. Retegi, A. González, A. Eceiza, and N. Gabilondo (2015). Starch and Cellulose Nanocrystals Together Into Thermoplastic Starch Bionanocomposites. Carbohydrate Polymers, 117; 83–90
Gujral, H., A. Sinhmar, M. Nehra, V. Nain, R. Thory, A. K. Pathera, and P. Chavan (2021). Synthesis, Characterization, and Utilization of Potato Starch Nanoparticles as a Filler in Nanocomposite Films.
International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 186; 155–162
Hakke, V. S., V. K. Landge, S. H. Sonawane, G. U. B. Babu, M. Ashokkumar, and E. M. Flores (2022). The Physical, Mechanical, Thermal and Barrier Properties of Starch Nanoparticle (SNP)/Polyurethane (PU) Nanocomposite Films Synthesised by an Ultrasound-Assisted Process. Ultrasonics Sonochemistry, 88; 106069
Huntrakul, K., R. Yoksan, A. Sane, and N. Harnkarnsujarit (2020). Effects of Pea Protein on Properties of Cassava Starch Edible Films Produced by Blown-Film Extrusion for Oil Packaging. Food Packaging and Shelf Life, 24; 100480
Le Corre, D. and H. Angellier-Coussy (2014). Preparation and Application of Starch Nanoparticles for Nanocomposites: A Review. Reactive and Functional Polymers, 85; 97–120
LeCorre, D., J. Bras, and A. Dufresne (2011). Influence of Botanic Origin and Amylose Content on the Morphology of Starch Nanocrystals. Journal of Nanoparticle Research, 13(12); 7193–7208
Mantovan, J., G. T. Bersaneti, P. C. Faria-Tischer, M. A. P. C. Celligoi, and S. Mali (2018). Use of Microbial Levan in Edible Films Based on Cassava Starch. Food Packaging and Shelf Life, 18; 31–36
Nadia, L., M. A. Wirakartakusumah, N. Andarwulan, E. H. Purnomo, H. Koaze, T. Noda, et al. (2014). Characterization of Physicochemical and Functional Properties of Starch from Five Yam (Dioscorea Alata) Cultivars in Indonesia. International Journal of Chemical Engineering and Applications, 5(6); 489–496
Orsuwan, A. and R. Sothornvit (2017). Development and Characterization of Banana Flour Film Incorporated with Montmorillonite and Banana Starch Nanoparticles. Carbohydrate Polymers, 174; 235–242
Pérez-Vergara, L. D., M. T. Cifuentes, A. P. Franco, C. E. Pérez-Cervera, and R. D. Andrade-Pizarro (2020). Development and Characterization of Edible Films Based on Native Cassava Starch, Beeswax, and Propolis. NFS Journal, 21; 39–49
Piñeros-Hernandez, D., C. Medina-Jaramillo, A. López Córdoba, and S. Goyanes (2017). Edible Cassava Starch Films Carrying Rosemary Antioxidant Extracts for Potential Use as Active Food Packaging. Food Hydrocolloids, 63; 488–495
Qin, Y., C. Liu, S. Jiang, L. Xiong, and Q. Sun (2016). Characterization of Starch Nanoparticles Prepared by Nanoprecipitation: Influence of Amylose Content and Starch Type. Industrial Crops and Products, 87; 182–190
Roy, K., R. Thory, A. Sinhmar, A. K. Pathera, and V. Nain (2020). Development and Characterization of Nano Starch-Based Composite Films from Mung Bean (Vigna radiata). International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 144; 242–251
Saari, H., C. Fuentes, M. Sjöö, M. Rayner, and M. Wahlgren (2017). Production of Starch Nanoparticles by Dissolution and Non-Solvent Precipitation for Use in Food-Grade Pickering Emulsions. Carbohydrate Polymers, 157; 558–566
Silva, O. A., M. G. Pella, M. G. Pella, J. Caetano, M. R. Simões, P. R. Bittencourt, and D. C. Dragunski (2019). Synthesis and Characterization of a Low Solubility Edible Film Based on Native Cassava Starch. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 128; 290–296
Totosaus, A., I. A. Godoy, and T. J. Ariza-Ortega (2020). Structural and Mechanical Properties of Edible Films from Composite Mixtures of Starch, Dextrin and Different Types of Chemically Modified Starch. International Journal of Polymer Analysis and Characterization, 25(7); 517–528
Ulyarti, U., L. Lisani, S. Surhaini, P. Lumbanraja, B. Satrio, S. Supriyadi, and N. Nazarudin (2022). The Application of Gelatinisation Techniques in Modication of Cassava and Yam Starches Using Precipitation Method. Journal of Food Science and Technology, 59(3); 1230–1238
Ulyarti, U., N. Nazarudin, R. Ramadon, and P. Lumbanraja (2020). Cassava Starch Edible Film with Addition of Gelatin or Modified Cassava Starch. In IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, volume 515. IOP Publishing, page 012030
Wang, S., J. Yu, J. Yu, and H. Liu (2008). Granule Structure of C-Type Chinese Yam (Dioscorea opposita Thunb var. Zhong bowen) Starch by Acid Hydrolysis. Food Hydrocolloids, 22(4); 538–542
Wolf, C., H. Angellier-Coussy, N. Gontard, F. Doghieri, and V. Guillard (2018). How the Shape of Fillers Aspects the Barrier Properties of Polymer/Non-Porous Particles Nanocomposites: A Review. Journal of Membrane Science, 556; 393–418
Zhang, S. and H. Zhao (2017). Preparation and Properties of Zein–Rutin Composite Nanoparticle/Corn Starch Films. Carbohydrate Polymers, 169; 385–392
Zhou, Y., X. Wu, J. Chen, and J. He (2021). Effects of Cinnamon Essential Oil on the Physical, Mechanical, Structural and Thermal Properties of Cassava Starch-Based Edible Films. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 184; 574–583
Authors
Nazarudin, Ulyarti, Pratama, I. A. ., & Yuwono, S. D. (2023). Improving the Characteristics of Edible Film Using Modified Cassava Starch Over Ethanol Precipitation. Science and Technology Indonesia, 8(1), 32–37. https://doi.org/10.26554/sti.2023.8.1.32-37
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