Development and Validation of Fast and Simple Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrophotometric Method for Analysis of Thiamphenicol in Capsule Dosage Form
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Keywords:
-
Development, Validation, Fourier Transform Infrared, Thiamphenicol, Capsule
Abstract
The development of a method for identification and determination of thiamphenicol by Fourier Transform Infrared will provide convenience to developers because it is fast and easy for analysis. The research was carried out by utilizing the solubility of thiamphenicol in methanol with three stages, namely method development, sample analysis, and method validation. The method development stage showed that the specific peak of thiamphenicol was at a peak with a wavenumber of 1694.1 cm−1; this specific peak of thiamphenicol was used for qualitative analysis and quantitative analysis of thiamphenicol in the capsule dosage form. The sample analysis showed that all analyzed thiamphenicol in capsule dosage form showed good results both qualitatively and quantitatively. Qualitatively all the samples analyzed showed a specific peak at specific positions and specific wavenumbers. These results meet the requirements for containing thiamphenicol in the dosage form. Quantitatively all the samples analyzed ranged from 97.97% to 102.24% by peak height and peak area. These results meet the requirements for active substance levels in general preparations within 90.0% to 110.0%. The method validation for peak height and peak area showed that the accuracy parameter had a recovery percentage of 100.28% and 100.41% (between 98.0% to 102.0%), the precision parameter with a relative standard deviation of 0.31% and 0.37% (not more than 2.0%), and the linearity parameter with a correlation coefficient of 0.9999 and 0.9997 (not less than 0.99). The limit of detection value was 0.2971 mg/mL and 0.5338 mg/mL, the limit of quantitation value was 0.9004 mg/mL and 1.6176 mg/mL, the range for both was 80% to 120%, and the specificity for both met the requirement. The Fourier Transform Infrared method has been successfully developed, applied, and validated for qualitative analysis and quantitative analysis of thiamphenicol in capsule dosage form.
References
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Chen, D., Y. Meng, Y. Zhu, G. Wu, J. Yuan, M. Qin, and G. Xie (2018). Qualitative and Quantitative Analysis of C-glycosyl-flavones of Iris Lactea Leaves by Liquid Chromatography/tandem Mass Spectrometry. Molecules, 23(12); 3359
Chen, H. Y. and C. Chen (2022). Evaluation of Calibration Equations by Using Regression Analysis: an Example of Chemical Analysis. Sensors, 22(2); 447
Chrisikou, I., M. Orkoula, and C. Kontoyannis (2020). FTIR/ATR Solid Film Formation: Qualitative and Quantitative Analysis of A Piperacillin-tazobactam Formulation. Molecules, 25(24); 6051
Enders, A. A., N. M. North, C. M. Fensore, J. Velez Alvarez, and H. C. Allen (2021). Functional Group Identification for FTIR Spectra using Image-based Machine Learning Models. Analytical Chemistry, 93(28); 9711–9718
Estupiñán Méndez, D. and T. Allscher (2022). Advantages of External Reflection and Transflection over ATR In the Rapid Material Characterization of Negatives and Films via FTIR Spectroscopy. Polymers, 14(4); 808
Fadlelmoula, A., D. Pinho, V. H. Carvalho, S. O. Catarino, and G. Minas (2022). Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) Spectroscopy to Analyse Human Blood Over the Last 20 Years: a Review Towards Lab on a Chip Devices. Micromachines, 13(2); 187
Gardegaront, M., D. Farlay, O. Peyruchaud, and H. Follet (2018). Automation of the Peak Fitting Method in Bone FTIR Microspectroscopy Spectrum Analysis: Human and Mice Bone Study. Journal of Spectroscopy, 2018; 1–11
Gosar, A., T. Shaikh, and A. Sindwani (2022). Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) Spectroscopic Analysis of Amino Acid Serine for its Chiral Identification. Journal of Pharmaceutical Quality Assurance and Quality Control, 4(1); 1–4
Gupta, M. K., A. Ghuge, M. Parab, Y. Al Refaei, A. Khandare, N. Dand, and N. Waghmare (2022). A Comparative Review on High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC), Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography (UPLC) & High Performance Thin Layer Chromatography (HPTLC) with Current Updates. Current Issues in Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, 35(4); 224–228
Gupta, M. M., A. Khoorban, A. Ali, O. Ramlogan, and D. Talukdar (2020). Comparative Quality Control Study of Different Brands of Diclofenac Sodium Tablet Available in Local and Government Pharmacies by In-vitro Testing. Cureus, 12(11); 11348
Hladová, M., J. Martinka, P. Rantuch, and A. Nečas (2019). Review of Spectrophotometric Methods for Determination of Formaldehyde. Research Papers Faculty of Materials Science and Technology Slovak University of Technology, 27(44); 105–120
Kamnev, A. A., Y. A. Dyatlova, O. A. Kenzhegulov, A. A. Vladimirova, P. V. Mamchenkova, and A. V. Tugarova (2021). Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) Spectroscopic Analyses of Microbiological Samples and Biogenic Selenium Nanoparticles of Microbial Origin: Sample Preparation Effects. Molecules, 26(4); 1146
Kurzyna Szklarek, M., J. Cybulska, and A. Zdunek (2022). Analysis of the Chemical Composition of Natural Carbohydrates an Overview of Methods. Food Chemistry, 349; 133466
Laconi, A., R. Tolosi, L. Mughini Gras, M. Cuccato, F. T. Cannizzo, and A. Piccirillo (2022). Amoxicillin and Thiamphenicol Treatments May Influence the Co Selection of Resistance Genes in the Chicken Gut Microbiota. Scientific Reports, 12(1); 20413
Lavanya, C., P. Ravisankar, K. Akhil, K. Mounika, and B. Srinivasa (2020). Analytical Method Validation Parameters-An Updated Review. International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences Review and Research, 61(2); 1–7
Li, Q., J. Chen, Z. Huyan, Y. Kou, L. Xu, X. Yu, and J. M. Gao (2019). Application of Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy for the Quality and Safety Analysis of Fats and Oils: A Review. Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition, 59(22); 3597–3611
Liao, Y., F. Chen, L. Xu, W. Dessie, J. Li, and Z. Qin (2022). Study on Extraction and Antibacterial Activity of Aucubin From Eucommia Ulmoides Seed Draff Waste Biomass. Heliyon, 8(10); 10765
Mabasa, X., L. Mathomu, N. Madala, E. Musie, and M. Sigidi (2021). Molecular Spectroscopic (FTIR and UV-Vis) and Hyphenated Chromatographic (UHPLC-qTOF-MS) Analysis and in Vitro Bioactivities of the Momordica Balsamina Leaf Extract. Biochemistry Research International, 2021; 2854217
Martins, Y. and C. De Oliveira (2019). Development and Validation of an UV Spectrophotometric Method for Determination of Thiamphenicol in Dosage Form. Journal of Applied Spectroscopy, 86; 629–635
Matraszek Żuchowska, I., A. Kłopot, S. Witek, A. Pękala Safińska, and A. Posyniak (2022). Development of Analytical Procedure for the Determination of 17???? -Testosterone, 11-Ketotestosterone and 17???? -Estradiol in the Sea Trout (Salmo trutta L.) Gonads. Separations, 9(10); 293
Mendes, E. and N. Duarte (2021). Mid-infrared Spectroscopy as a Valuable Tool to Tackle Food Analysis: a Literature Review on Coffee, Dairies, Honey, Olive Oil and Wine. Foods, 10(2); 477
Namegabe, L. M., A. O. Mahano, and S. O. Sarr (2022). Development, Validation and Application of a Spectrofluorimetric Method for the Quantification of Nevirapine in Pharmaceutical Formulations Tablets and Suspensions. American Journal of Analytical Chemistry, 13(6); 206–227
Nandiyanto, A. B. D., R. Oktiani, and R. Ragadhita (2019). How to Read and Interpret FTIR Spectroscope of Organic Material. Indonesian Journal of Science and Technology, 4(1); 97–118
Patel, S. A., K. N. Patel, and M. R. Patel (2022). A Novel Validated Simultaneous Equations Method for Simultaneous Estimation of Omeprazole and Ondansetron in Bulk and Pharmaceutical Preparation. International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences Review and Research, 74(1); 150–154
Patyra, E. and K. Kwiatek (2019). HPLC-DAD Analysis of Florfenicol and Thiamphenicol in Medicated Feedingstuffs. Food Additives & Contaminants: Part A, 36(8); 1184–1190
Pitigoi, D. (2022). An Overview of High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). Journal of Formulation Science and Bioavailability, 6(1); 117
Ríos Reina, R. and S. M. Azcarate (2022). How Chemometrics Revives the UV-Vis Spectroscopy Applications as an Analytical Sensor for Spectralprint (Nontargeted) Analysis. Chemosensors, 11(1); 8
Robaina, N. F., C. E. R. de Paula, D. M. Brum, M. de la Guardia, S. Garrigues, and R. J. Cassella (2013). Novel Approach for the Determination of Azithromycin in Pharmaceutical Formulations by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy in Film-through Transmission Mode. Microchemical Journal, 110; 301–307
Sadat, A. and I. J. Joye (2020). Peak Fitting Applied to Fourier Transform Infrared and Raman Spectroscopic Analysis of Proteins. Applied Sciences, 10(17); 5918
Sahachairungrueng, W., C. Meechan, N. Veerachat, A. K. Thompson, and S. Teerachaichayut (2022). Assessing the Levels of Robusta and Arabica in Roasted Ground Coffee Using NIR Hyperspectral Imaging and FTIR Spectroscopy. Foods, 11(19); 3122
Shrivastava, S., P. Deshpande, and S. Daharwal (2018). Key Aspects of Analytical Method Development and Validation. Journal of Ravishankar University, 31(1); 32–39
Siregar, C., S. Martono, and A. Rohman (2018). Application of Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) Spectroscopy Coupled with Multivariate Calibration for Quantitative Analysis of Curcuminoid in Tablet Dosage Form. Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Science, 8(8); 151–156
Sonawane, S. S., S. S. Chhajed, S. S. Attar, and S. J. Kshirsagar (2019). An Approach to Select Linear Regression Model in Bioanalytical Method Validation. Journal of Analytical Science and Technology, 10(1); 1–7
SpectraBase (2023). Thiamphenicol. Minnesota, United States of America
Srebro, J., W. Brniak, and A. Mendyk (2022). Formulation of Dosage Forms with Proton Pump Inhibitors: State of the Art, Challenges and Future Perspectives. Pharmaceutics, 14(10); 2043
Sudarman, N. S. and M. S. Haris (2023). Spectrophotometric Simultaneous Analytical Method Validation to Determine Isoniazid and Pyridoxine in Pure and 3d Printed Tablet Forms. Journal of Pharmacy, 3(1); 9–18
Susilo, S., S. Pertiwi, and A. Ainurofiq (2022). Development and Validation of Analytical Methods for Multicomponent Crystals of Ibuprofen with Malic and Tartaric Acid using Spectrophotometry. Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 2190(1); 012033
Timchenko, Y. (2021). Advantages and Disadvantages of High performance Liquid Chromatography (HPCL). Journal of Environmental Analytical Chemistry, 8(10); 335
Tkachenko, Y. and P. Niedzielski (2022). FTIR as a Method for Qualitative Assessment of Solid Samples in Geochemical Research: A Review. Molecules, 27(24); 8846
Vasileiou, K., J. Barnett, S. Thorpe, and T. Young (2018). Characterising and Justifying Sample Size Sufficiency in Interview-based Studies: Systematic Analysis of Qualitative Health Research Over A 15-year Period. BMC Medical Research Methodology, 18; 1–18
Verch, T., C. Campa, C. C. Chéry, R. Frenkel, T. Graul, N. Jaya, B. Nakhle, J. Springall, J. Starkey, and J. Wypych (2022). Analytical Quality by Design, Life Cycle Management, and Method Control. The AAPS Journal, 24(1); 34
Wadher, S. S. S. S. J. and B. B. Supekar (2019). Development And Validation of New FT-IR Spectrophotometric Method For Simultaneous Estimation Of Ambroxol Hydrochloride And Cetirizine Hydrochloride In Combined Pharmaceutical. International Research Journal of Pharmacy, 10(3); 110–114
Wu, X., X. Shen, X. Cao, R. Nie, H. Zhang, C. Tang, and W. Wang (2021). Simultaneous Determination of Amphenicols and Metabolites in Animal-Derived Foods Using Ultrahigh-Performance Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry. International Journal of Analytical Chemistry, 2021; 3613670
Ye, H., S. Li, Y. Xi, Y. Shi, X. Shang, and D. Huang (2022). Highly Sensitive Determination of Antibiotic Residues in Aquatic Products by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography–Tandem Mass Spectrometry. Antibiotics, 11(10); 1427
Zeaiter, M., É. Latrille, P. Gras, J. P. Steyer, V. Bellon Maurel, and J. M. Roger (2022). Improvements in the Robustness of Mid-Infrared Spectroscopy Models against Chemical Interferences: Application to Monitoring of Anaerobic Digestion Processes. AppliedChem, 2(2); 117–127
Zuccari, G., S. Alfei, D. Marimpietri, V. Iurilli, P. Barabino, and L. Marchitto (2022). Mini Tablets: a Valid Strategy to Combine Efficacy and Safety in Pediatrics. Pharmaceuticals, 15(1); 108
Asthana, C., G. M. Peterson, M. Shastri, and R. P. Patel (2019). Development and Validation of A Novel High Performance Liquid Chromatography-coupled with Corona Charged Aerosol Detector Method for Quantification of Glucosamine in Dietary Supplements. PloS one, 14(5); 0216039
Barbieri, E., C. Di Chiara, P. Costenaro, A. Cantarutti, C. Giaquinto, Y. Hsia, and D. Doná (2022). Antibiotic Prescribing Patterns in Paediatric Primary Care in Italy: Findings from 2012–2018. Antibiotics, 11(1); 18
Bui, V. T., C. S. Doan, T. T. V. Tong, and D. C. Le (2021). Development and Validation of A Simple, Green Infrared Spectroscopic Method for Quantitation of Sildenafil Citrate in Siloflam Tablets of Unknown Manufacturing Formula. Journal of Analytical Methods in Chemistry, 2021; 20–30
Burela, N. U., V.S.G.P. and P. Mandalemula (2023). New Diffuse Reflectance Infrared Fourier Transform Spectroscopy for the Estimation of Tramadol Hydrochloride Capsules. International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 15(1); 22–26
Canada, H. (2018). Guidance Document: Quality (Chemistry and Manufacturing) Guidance: New Drug Submissions (NDSs) and Abbreviated New Drug Submissions (ANDSs). Toronto, Canada: Ministry of Health Canada, 7; 66
Chavan, S. D. and D. M. Desai (2022). Analytical method validation: A brief review. Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews, 16(2); 389–402
Chen, D., Y. Meng, Y. Zhu, G. Wu, J. Yuan, M. Qin, and G. Xie (2018). Qualitative and Quantitative Analysis of C-glycosyl-flavones of Iris Lactea Leaves by Liquid Chromatography/tandem Mass Spectrometry. Molecules, 23(12); 3359
Chen, H. Y. and C. Chen (2022). Evaluation of Calibration Equations by Using Regression Analysis: an Example of Chemical Analysis. Sensors, 22(2); 447
Chrisikou, I., M. Orkoula, and C. Kontoyannis (2020). FTIR/ATR Solid Film Formation: Qualitative and Quantitative Analysis of A Piperacillin-tazobactam Formulation. Molecules, 25(24); 6051
Enders, A. A., N. M. North, C. M. Fensore, J. Velez Alvarez, and H. C. Allen (2021). Functional Group Identification for FTIR Spectra using Image-based Machine Learning Models. Analytical Chemistry, 93(28); 9711–9718
Estupiñán Méndez, D. and T. Allscher (2022). Advantages of External Reflection and Transflection over ATR In the Rapid Material Characterization of Negatives and Films via FTIR Spectroscopy. Polymers, 14(4); 808
Fadlelmoula, A., D. Pinho, V. H. Carvalho, S. O. Catarino, and G. Minas (2022). Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) Spectroscopy to Analyse Human Blood Over the Last 20 Years: a Review Towards Lab on a Chip Devices. Micromachines, 13(2); 187
Gardegaront, M., D. Farlay, O. Peyruchaud, and H. Follet (2018). Automation of the Peak Fitting Method in Bone FTIR Microspectroscopy Spectrum Analysis: Human and Mice Bone Study. Journal of Spectroscopy, 2018; 1–11
Gosar, A., T. Shaikh, and A. Sindwani (2022). Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) Spectroscopic Analysis of Amino Acid Serine for its Chiral Identification. Journal of Pharmaceutical Quality Assurance and Quality Control, 4(1); 1–4
Gupta, M. K., A. Ghuge, M. Parab, Y. Al Refaei, A. Khandare, N. Dand, and N. Waghmare (2022). A Comparative Review on High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC), Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography (UPLC) & High Performance Thin Layer Chromatography (HPTLC) with Current Updates. Current Issues in Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, 35(4); 224–228
Gupta, M. M., A. Khoorban, A. Ali, O. Ramlogan, and D. Talukdar (2020). Comparative Quality Control Study of Different Brands of Diclofenac Sodium Tablet Available in Local and Government Pharmacies by In-vitro Testing. Cureus, 12(11); 11348
Hladová, M., J. Martinka, P. Rantuch, and A. Nečas (2019). Review of Spectrophotometric Methods for Determination of Formaldehyde. Research Papers Faculty of Materials Science and Technology Slovak University of Technology, 27(44); 105–120
Kamnev, A. A., Y. A. Dyatlova, O. A. Kenzhegulov, A. A. Vladimirova, P. V. Mamchenkova, and A. V. Tugarova (2021). Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) Spectroscopic Analyses of Microbiological Samples and Biogenic Selenium Nanoparticles of Microbial Origin: Sample Preparation Effects. Molecules, 26(4); 1146
Kurzyna Szklarek, M., J. Cybulska, and A. Zdunek (2022). Analysis of the Chemical Composition of Natural Carbohydrates an Overview of Methods. Food Chemistry, 349; 133466
Laconi, A., R. Tolosi, L. Mughini Gras, M. Cuccato, F. T. Cannizzo, and A. Piccirillo (2022). Amoxicillin and Thiamphenicol Treatments May Influence the Co Selection of Resistance Genes in the Chicken Gut Microbiota. Scientific Reports, 12(1); 20413
Lavanya, C., P. Ravisankar, K. Akhil, K. Mounika, and B. Srinivasa (2020). Analytical Method Validation Parameters-An Updated Review. International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences Review and Research, 61(2); 1–7
Li, Q., J. Chen, Z. Huyan, Y. Kou, L. Xu, X. Yu, and J. M. Gao (2019). Application of Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy for the Quality and Safety Analysis of Fats and Oils: A Review. Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition, 59(22); 3597–3611
Liao, Y., F. Chen, L. Xu, W. Dessie, J. Li, and Z. Qin (2022). Study on Extraction and Antibacterial Activity of Aucubin From Eucommia Ulmoides Seed Draff Waste Biomass. Heliyon, 8(10); 10765
Mabasa, X., L. Mathomu, N. Madala, E. Musie, and M. Sigidi (2021). Molecular Spectroscopic (FTIR and UV-Vis) and Hyphenated Chromatographic (UHPLC-qTOF-MS) Analysis and in Vitro Bioactivities of the Momordica Balsamina Leaf Extract. Biochemistry Research International, 2021; 2854217
Martins, Y. and C. De Oliveira (2019). Development and Validation of an UV Spectrophotometric Method for Determination of Thiamphenicol in Dosage Form. Journal of Applied Spectroscopy, 86; 629–635
Matraszek Żuchowska, I., A. Kłopot, S. Witek, A. Pękala Safińska, and A. Posyniak (2022). Development of Analytical Procedure for the Determination of 17???? -Testosterone, 11-Ketotestosterone and 17???? -Estradiol in the Sea Trout (Salmo trutta L.) Gonads. Separations, 9(10); 293
Mendes, E. and N. Duarte (2021). Mid-infrared Spectroscopy as a Valuable Tool to Tackle Food Analysis: a Literature Review on Coffee, Dairies, Honey, Olive Oil and Wine. Foods, 10(2); 477
Namegabe, L. M., A. O. Mahano, and S. O. Sarr (2022). Development, Validation and Application of a Spectrofluorimetric Method for the Quantification of Nevirapine in Pharmaceutical Formulations Tablets and Suspensions. American Journal of Analytical Chemistry, 13(6); 206–227
Nandiyanto, A. B. D., R. Oktiani, and R. Ragadhita (2019). How to Read and Interpret FTIR Spectroscope of Organic Material. Indonesian Journal of Science and Technology, 4(1); 97–118
Patel, S. A., K. N. Patel, and M. R. Patel (2022). A Novel Validated Simultaneous Equations Method for Simultaneous Estimation of Omeprazole and Ondansetron in Bulk and Pharmaceutical Preparation. International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences Review and Research, 74(1); 150–154
Patyra, E. and K. Kwiatek (2019). HPLC-DAD Analysis of Florfenicol and Thiamphenicol in Medicated Feedingstuffs. Food Additives & Contaminants: Part A, 36(8); 1184–1190
Pitigoi, D. (2022). An Overview of High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). Journal of Formulation Science and Bioavailability, 6(1); 117
Ríos Reina, R. and S. M. Azcarate (2022). How Chemometrics Revives the UV-Vis Spectroscopy Applications as an Analytical Sensor for Spectralprint (Nontargeted) Analysis. Chemosensors, 11(1); 8
Robaina, N. F., C. E. R. de Paula, D. M. Brum, M. de la Guardia, S. Garrigues, and R. J. Cassella (2013). Novel Approach for the Determination of Azithromycin in Pharmaceutical Formulations by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy in Film-through Transmission Mode. Microchemical Journal, 110; 301–307
Sadat, A. and I. J. Joye (2020). Peak Fitting Applied to Fourier Transform Infrared and Raman Spectroscopic Analysis of Proteins. Applied Sciences, 10(17); 5918
Sahachairungrueng, W., C. Meechan, N. Veerachat, A. K. Thompson, and S. Teerachaichayut (2022). Assessing the Levels of Robusta and Arabica in Roasted Ground Coffee Using NIR Hyperspectral Imaging and FTIR Spectroscopy. Foods, 11(19); 3122
Shrivastava, S., P. Deshpande, and S. Daharwal (2018). Key Aspects of Analytical Method Development and Validation. Journal of Ravishankar University, 31(1); 32–39
Siregar, C., S. Martono, and A. Rohman (2018). Application of Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) Spectroscopy Coupled with Multivariate Calibration for Quantitative Analysis of Curcuminoid in Tablet Dosage Form. Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Science, 8(8); 151–156
Sonawane, S. S., S. S. Chhajed, S. S. Attar, and S. J. Kshirsagar (2019). An Approach to Select Linear Regression Model in Bioanalytical Method Validation. Journal of Analytical Science and Technology, 10(1); 1–7
SpectraBase (2023). Thiamphenicol. Minnesota, United States of America
Srebro, J., W. Brniak, and A. Mendyk (2022). Formulation of Dosage Forms with Proton Pump Inhibitors: State of the Art, Challenges and Future Perspectives. Pharmaceutics, 14(10); 2043
Sudarman, N. S. and M. S. Haris (2023). Spectrophotometric Simultaneous Analytical Method Validation to Determine Isoniazid and Pyridoxine in Pure and 3d Printed Tablet Forms. Journal of Pharmacy, 3(1); 9–18
Susilo, S., S. Pertiwi, and A. Ainurofiq (2022). Development and Validation of Analytical Methods for Multicomponent Crystals of Ibuprofen with Malic and Tartaric Acid using Spectrophotometry. Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 2190(1); 012033
Timchenko, Y. (2021). Advantages and Disadvantages of High performance Liquid Chromatography (HPCL). Journal of Environmental Analytical Chemistry, 8(10); 335
Tkachenko, Y. and P. Niedzielski (2022). FTIR as a Method for Qualitative Assessment of Solid Samples in Geochemical Research: A Review. Molecules, 27(24); 8846
Vasileiou, K., J. Barnett, S. Thorpe, and T. Young (2018). Characterising and Justifying Sample Size Sufficiency in Interview-based Studies: Systematic Analysis of Qualitative Health Research Over A 15-year Period. BMC Medical Research Methodology, 18; 1–18
Verch, T., C. Campa, C. C. Chéry, R. Frenkel, T. Graul, N. Jaya, B. Nakhle, J. Springall, J. Starkey, and J. Wypych (2022). Analytical Quality by Design, Life Cycle Management, and Method Control. The AAPS Journal, 24(1); 34
Wadher, S. S. S. S. J. and B. B. Supekar (2019). Development And Validation of New FT-IR Spectrophotometric Method For Simultaneous Estimation Of Ambroxol Hydrochloride And Cetirizine Hydrochloride In Combined Pharmaceutical. International Research Journal of Pharmacy, 10(3); 110–114
Wu, X., X. Shen, X. Cao, R. Nie, H. Zhang, C. Tang, and W. Wang (2021). Simultaneous Determination of Amphenicols and Metabolites in Animal-Derived Foods Using Ultrahigh-Performance Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry. International Journal of Analytical Chemistry, 2021; 3613670
Ye, H., S. Li, Y. Xi, Y. Shi, X. Shang, and D. Huang (2022). Highly Sensitive Determination of Antibiotic Residues in Aquatic Products by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography–Tandem Mass Spectrometry. Antibiotics, 11(10); 1427
Zeaiter, M., É. Latrille, P. Gras, J. P. Steyer, V. Bellon Maurel, and J. M. Roger (2022). Improvements in the Robustness of Mid-Infrared Spectroscopy Models against Chemical Interferences: Application to Monitoring of Anaerobic Digestion Processes. AppliedChem, 2(2); 117–127
Zuccari, G., S. Alfei, D. Marimpietri, V. Iurilli, P. Barabino, and L. Marchitto (2022). Mini Tablets: a Valid Strategy to Combine Efficacy and Safety in Pediatrics. Pharmaceuticals, 15(1); 108
Authors
Nerdy, N., Margata, L., Zebua, N. F., Lestari, P., Bakri, T. K., Yusuf, F., & Aulianshah, V. (2023). Development and Validation of Fast and Simple Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrophotometric Method for Analysis of Thiamphenicol in Capsule Dosage Form. Science and Technology Indonesia, 8(3), 344–352. https://doi.org/10.26554/sti.2023.8.3.344-352
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