Bismuth Silicate/Silica-Titania Synthesis from In Situ Decomposition of Oil Palm Leaves as Silica Source
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Keywords:
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Bismuth Silicate, Titania, Oil Palm Leaves, Bismuth Oxynitrate, Agricultural Waste
Abstract
In this work, bismuth silicate-titania has been synthesized in two stages by utilizing bismuth oxynitrate as an elemental source of bismuth, oil palm leaves (OPL) as a source of silica and titanium tetraisopropoxide (TTIP) as source of titania (TiO2). In the first stage,
bismuth silicate/silica (Bi4Si3O12/SiO2) was formed, which occurs due to the in-situ decomposition of palm leaves and reacts directly with the bismuth precursor at high temperatures (900oC). The reaction could possibly occur through a solid-state reaction mechanism between bismuth oxide and silica or through a more complex mechanism within the reaction mixture. The resulting product then reacts with TTIP, which is added and heated at the same temperature to form Bi4Si3O12/SiO2-TiO2 (bismuth silicate/silica-titania). Characterization of the as-prepared product using X-ray diffraction showed the dominance of bismuth silicate and small amount of titania (TiO2). As a result, TiO2 could not be detected in the diffractogram. Nevertheless, an analysis using energy-dispersive X-rays showed the presence of titanium elements in the resulting composite. The results of this study can be used to develop ternary metal oxides based on natural resources and agricultural wastes, such as oil palm leaves.
References
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Wang, R. and J. Wu (2017). Structure and Basic Properties of Ternary Metal Oxides and Their Prospects for Application in Supercapacitors. In Metal Oxides in Supercapacitors. Elsevier; 99–132
Zaccariello, G., M. Back, A. Benedetti, P. Canton, E. Cattaruzza, H. Onoda, A. Glisenti, A. Alimonti, B. Bocca, and P. Riello (2019). Bismuth Titanate-Based UV Filters Embedded Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles: Role of Bismuth Concentration in the Self-Sealing Process. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, 549; 1–8
Zaccariello, G., M. Back, M. Zanello, P. Canton, E. Cattaruzza, P. Riello, A. Alimonti, and A. Benedetti (2017). Formation and Controlled Growth of Bismuth Titanate Phases Into Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles: An Efficient Self-Sealing Nanosystem for UV Filtering in Cosmetic Formulation. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, 9(2); 1913–1921
Back, M., E. Casagrande, E. Trave, D. Cristofori, E. Ambrosi, F. Dallo, M. Roman, J. Ueda, J. Xu, S. Tanabe (2020). Confined-Melting-Assisted Synthesis of Bismuth Silicate Glass-Ceramic Nanoparticles: Formation and Optical Thermometry Investigation. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, 12(49); 55195–55204
Bai, Z., X. Ba, R. Jia, B. Liu, Z. Xiao, and X. Zhang (2007). Preparation and Characterization of Bismuth Silicate Nanopowders. Frontiers of Chemistry in China, 2; 131–134
Bai, Z., Y. Hu, S. Yan, W. Shan, and C. Wei (2017). Preparation of Mesoporous SiO2/Bi2O3/TiO2 Superhydrophilic Thin Films and Their Surface Self-Cleaning Properties. RSC Advances, 7(4); 1966–1974
Batool, S., Z. Imran, K. Rasool, J. Ambreen, S. Hassan, S. Arif, M. Ahmad, and M. Rafiq (2020). Study of Electric Conduction Mechanisms in Bismuth Silicate Nanofibers. Scientific Reports, 10(1); 2775
Belik, Y., T. Kharlamova, A. Vodyankin, V. Svetlichnyi, and O. Vodyankina (2020). Mechanical Activation for Soft Synthesis of Bismuth Silicates. Ceramics International, 46(8); 10797–10806
Bilecka, I., I. Djerdj, and M. Niederberger (2008). One-Minute Synthesis of Crystalline Binary and Ternary Metal Oxide Nanoparticles. Chemical Communications, (7); 886–888
Chandrawanshi, E., D. Bisen, N. Brahme, G. Banjare, T. Richhariya, and Y. Patle (2020). Photoluminescence and Comparative Thermoluminescence Studies of UV/γ-Irradiated Dy3+ Doped Bismuth Silicate Phosphor. Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics, 31; 14454–14465
Gadea, C., N. Phatharapeetranun, B. Ksapabutr, J.-C. Grivel, and V. Esposito (2018). Stoichiometric Control in Bi4Ti3O12 Synthesis by Novel Hybrid Solid State Reaction. Materials Letters, 221; 101–103
Jia, K. L., J. Qu, S. M. Hao, F. An, Y. Q. Jing, and Z. Z. Yu (2017). One-Pot Synthesis of Bismuth Silicate Heterostructures with Tunable Morphology and Excellent Visible Light Photodegradation Performances. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, 506; 255–262
Karthik, K., K. S. Devi, D. Pinheiro, and S. Sugunan (2019a). Photocatalytic Activity of Bismuth Silicate Heterostructures Synthesized Via Surfactant Mediated Sol-Gel Method. Materials Science in Semiconductor Processing, 102; 104589
Karthik, K., S. D. KR, and D. Pinheiro (2019b). Synthesis of Bismuth Silicate Nanostructures with Tunable Morphology and Enhanced Photocatalytic Activity. Indian Journal of Chemical Technology, 26(2); 170–174
Khodadoost, S., A. Hadi, J. Karimi-Sabet, M. Mehdipourghazi, and A. Golzary (2017). Optimization of Hydrothermal Synthesis of Bismuth Titanate Nanoparticles and Application for Photocatalytic Degradation of Tetracycline. Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering, 5(6); 5369–5380
Kurc, B., K. Siwińska-Stefańska, and T. Jesionowski (2018). Bismuth-Titanium-Silicon-Based Ternary Oxide System: A Comprehensive Analysis and Electrochemical Utility. Solid State Ionics, 324; 92–102
Lu, J., X. Wang, H. Jiang, and Y. Xu (2013). Synthesis of Bismuth Silicate Powders by Molten Salt Method. Materials and Manufacturing Processes, 28(2); 126–129
Mao, Y., T.-J. Park, and S. S. Wong (2005). Synthesis of Classes of Ternary Metal Oxide Nanostructures. Chemical Communications, (46); 5721–5735
Marela, S., N. Aini, A. Hardian, V. Suendo, and A. Prasetyo (2021). The Effect of Temperature Synthesis on the Plate-Like Particle of Bi4Ti3O12 Obtained by Single Molten NaCl Salt. The Journal of Pure and Applied Chemistry Research, 10(1); 64–71
Ren, C., W. Qiu, H. Zhang, Z. He, and Y. Chen (2015). Degradation of Benzene on TiO2/SiO2/Bi2O3 Photocatalysts Under UV and Visible Light. Journal of Molecular Catalysis A: Chemical, 398; 215–222
Shabalina, A. V., E. Y. Gotovtseva, Y. A. Belik, S. M. Kuzmin, T. S. Kharlamova, S. A. Kulinich, V. A. Svetlichnyi, and O. V. Vodyankina (2022). Electrochemical Study of Semiconductor Properties for Bismuth Silicate-Based Photocatalysts Obtained via Hydro-/Solvothermal Approach. Materials, 15(12); 4099
Slavov, S. S. and Y. B. Dimitriev (2016). Glass Formation in theE System Bi2O3-TiO2-SiO2. Journal of Chemical Technology & Metallurgy, 51(5); 536–546
Thiruramanathan, P., S. K. Sharma, S. Sankar, R. Sankar Ganesh, A. Marikani, and D. Y. Kim (2016). Synthesis of Bismuth Titanate (BTO) Nanopowder and Fabrication of Microstrip Rectangular Patch Antenna. Applied Physics A, 122; 1–10
Tian, Q., X. Wang, C. Yu, H. Jiang, Z. Zhang, Y. Wang, and S. Lin (2009). Domain Structure and Defects of Highly Ordered Bi4Si3O12 Micro-Crystals. Science in China Series E: Technological Sciences, 52; 2295–2301
Wang, R. and J. Wu (2017). Structure and Basic Properties of Ternary Metal Oxides and Their Prospects for Application in Supercapacitors. In Metal Oxides in Supercapacitors. Elsevier; 99–132
Zaccariello, G., M. Back, A. Benedetti, P. Canton, E. Cattaruzza, H. Onoda, A. Glisenti, A. Alimonti, B. Bocca, and P. Riello (2019). Bismuth Titanate-Based UV Filters Embedded Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles: Role of Bismuth Concentration in the Self-Sealing Process. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, 549; 1–8
Zaccariello, G., M. Back, M. Zanello, P. Canton, E. Cattaruzza, P. Riello, A. Alimonti, and A. Benedetti (2017). Formation and Controlled Growth of Bismuth Titanate Phases Into Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles: An Efficient Self-Sealing Nanosystem for UV Filtering in Cosmetic Formulation. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, 9(2); 1913–1921
Authors
Yudha S, S., Adfa, M., Istiqphara, S., & Reagen, M. A. (2023). Bismuth Silicate/Silica-Titania Synthesis from In Situ Decomposition of Oil Palm Leaves as Silica Source. Science and Technology Indonesia, 8(3), 397–402. https://doi.org/10.26554/sti.2023.8.3.397-402
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