Green Synthesis of KO Nanoparticles by Cold Plasma and Study of Their Properties for Antibacterial Applications
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Keywords:
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KO Nanoparticles, Green Synthesis, Structural Properties, Optical Properties, Plasma Jets, Cold Plasma
Abstract
This study used the cold plasma technique to synthesize potassium oxide nanoparticles (KO NPs) from potassium chloride (KCl) with roselle extract leaves and examine their physical and biological characterization. The physical properties of KO nanoparticles were examined by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), X-Ray Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS), and UV–Vis Spectroscopy. Analyses of XRD show the KO NPs with an average crystallite size of 108 nm. The EDX analysis shows that high-purity KO NPs have formed. SEM image shows the shapes of some KO NPs’ spherical with varying sizes ranging from 44.66 nm to 134 nm. According to UV–Vis spectra of KO NPs, the absorption edge of these nanoparticles exhibited a blueshift with an energy gap range (Eg) from 2.8 to 3.4 eV. The biological efficacy of KO NPs was also examined by testing their antibacterial and antifungal activity. To evaluate the toxicity of the KO NPs were tested in vitro and activated as antibacterial. Against some of the test organisms, the KO NPs demonstrated good antibacterial activity.
References
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Shuaib, U., T. Hussain, R. Ahmad, M. Zakaullah, F. E. Mubarik, S. T. Muntaha, and S. Ashraf (2020). Plasma-Liquid Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles and Their Antibacterial and Antifungal Applications. Materials Research Express, 7(3); 035015
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Yu, B., Y. Zhang, W. Zheng, C. Fan, and T. Chen (2012). Positive Surface Charge Enhances Selective Cellular Uptake and Anticancer Efficacy of Selenium Nanoparticles. Inorganic Chemistry, 51(16); 8956–8963
Ali, A., Y. Rammah, R. El-Mallawany, and D. Souri (2017). FTIR and UV Spectra of Pentaternary Borate Glasses. Measurement, 105; 72–77
Carvajal-Zarrabal, O., P. Hayward-Jones, Z. Orta-Flores, C. Nolasco-Hipólito, D. Barradas-Dermitz, M. Aguilar-Uscanga, and M. Pedroza-Hernández (2009). Effect of Hibiscus sabdariffa L. Dried Calyx Ethanol Extract on Fat Absorption-Excretion, and Body Weight Implication in Rats. BioMed Research International, 2009; 394592
Constantino-Alcazar, J., M. Abud-Archila, B. Valdez-Salas, F. Gutierrez-Miceli, C. Ceceña-Duran, B. López-Valenzuela, and D. Gonzalez-Mendoza (2021). Synthesis and Characterization of Green Potassium Nanoparticles from Sideroxylon Capiri and Evaluation of Their Potential Antimicrobial. Journal of Renewable Materials, 9(10); 1699–1706
Fullerton, M., J. Khatiwada, J. U. Johnson, S. Davis, and L. L. Williams (2011). Determination of Antimicrobial Activity of Sorrel (Hibiscus sabdariffa) on Esherichia coli O157: H7 Isolated from Food, Veterinary, and Clinical Samples. Journal of Medicinal Food, 14(9); 950–956
Gour, A. and N. K. Jain (2019). Advances in Green Synthesis of Nanoparticles. Artificial Cells, Nanomedicine, and Biotechnology, 47(1); 844–851
Hong, R., J. Qian, and J. Cao (2006). Synthesis and Characterization of PMMA Grafted ZnO Nanoparticles. Powder Technology, 163(3); 160–168
Hussain, I., N. Singh, A. Singh, H. Singh, and S. Singh (2016). Green Synthesis of Nanoparticles and its Potential Application. Biotechnology Letters, 38; 545–560
Ismail, S. N., E. m. Ali, B. J. Alwan, and A. N. Abd (2022). Potassium Chloride Nanoparticles: Synthesis, Characterization, and Study the Antimicrobial Applications. Macromolecular Symposia, 401(1); 2100312
Jin, S. E. and H. E. Jin (2019). Synthesis, Characterization, and Three-Dimensional Structure Generation of Zinc Oxide-Based Nanomedicine for Biomedical Applications. Pharmaceutics, 11(11); 575
Joo, S. H. and S. Aggarwal (2018). Factors Impacting the Interactions of Engineered Nanoparticles with Bacterial Cells and Biofilms: Mechanistic Insights and State of Knowledge. Journal of Environmental Management, 225; 62–74
Kamali, H. and M. F. Mohammed (2006). Antibacterial Activity of Hibiscus sabdariffa, Acacia seyal var. seyal and Sphaeranthus suaveolens var. suaveolens Against Upper Respiratory Tract Pathogens. Sudan Journal of Medical Sciences, 1(2); 121–126
Kaushik, N. K., P. Bhartiya, N. Kaushik, Y. Shin, L. N. Nguyen, J. S. Park, D. Kim, and E. H. Choi (2023). Nitric-Oxide Enriched Plasma-Activated Water Inactivates 229E Coronavirus and Alters Antiviral Response Genes in Human Lung Host Cells. Bioactive Materials, 19; 569–580
Khanna, L. and N. Verma (2014). Synthesis, Characterization and Biocompatibility of Potassium Ferrite Nanoparticles. Journal of Materials Science & Technology, 30(1); 30–36
Kumar, S. S., P. Venkateswarlu, V. R. Rao, and G. N. Rao (2013). Synthesis, Characterization and Optical Properties of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles. International Nano Letters, 3; 1–6
Mohammed, R. S., K. A. Aadim, and K. A. Ahmed (2022a). Estimation of in Vivo Toxicity of MgO/ZnO Core/Shell Nanoparticles Synthesized by Eco-Friendly Non-Thermal Plasma Technology. Applied Nanoscience, 12(12); 3783–3795
Mohammed, R. S., K. A. Aadim, and K. A. Ahmed (2022b). Synthesis of CuO/ZnO and MgO/ZnO Core/Shell Nanoparticles with Plasma Jets and Study of Their Structural and Optical Properties. Karbala International Journal of Modern Science, 8(2); 88–97
Mohammed, R. S., K. A. Aadim, and K. A. Ahmed (2023). Histological, Haematological, and Thyroid Hormones Toxicity of Female Rats Orally Exposed to CuO/ZnO Core/Shell Nanoparticles Synthesized by Ar Plasma Jets. Archives of Toxicology, 97(4); 1017–1031
Morales-Cabrera, M., J. Hernández-Morales, G. Leyva-Rúelas, Y. Salinas-Moreno, L. Soto-Rojas, and J. Castro-Rosas (2013). Influence of Variety and Extraction Solvent on Antibacterial Activity of Roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) Calyxes. Journal of Medicinal Plants Research, 7(31); 2319-2322
Nguyen, L. N., P. Lamichhane, E. H. Choi, and G. J. Lee (2021). Structural and Optical Sensing Properties of Nonthermal Atmospheric Plasma-Synthesized Polyethylene Glycol-Functionalized Gold Nanoparticles. Nanomaterials, 11(7); 1678
Ozdal, M. and S. Gurkok (2022). Recent Advances in Nanoparticles as Antibacterial Agent. ADMET and DMPK, 10(2); 115–129
Pradeev Raj, K., K. Sadaiyandi, A. Kennedy, S. Sagadevan, Z. Z. Chowdhury, M. R. B. Johan, F. A. Aziz, R. F. Rafique, R. Thamiz Selvi, and R. Rathina Bala (2018). Influence of Mg Doping on ZnO Nanoparticles for Enhanced Photocatalytic Evaluation and Antibacterial Analysis. Nanoscale Research Letters, 13; 1–13
Raj, R. B., M. Umadevi, V. P. Parvathi, and R. Parimaladevi (2016). Effect of Potassium on Structural, Photocatalytic and Antibacterial Activities of ZnO Nanoparticles. Advances in Natural Sciences: Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, 7(4); 045008
Shuaib, U., T. Hussain, R. Ahmad, M. Zakaullah, F. E. Mubarik, S. T. Muntaha, and S. Ashraf (2020). Plasma-Liquid Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles and Their Antibacterial and Antifungal Applications. Materials Research Express, 7(3); 035015
Yatom, S., Y. Luo, Q. Xiong, and P. J. Bruggeman (2017). Nanosecond Pulsed Humid Ar Plasma Jet in Air: Shielding, Discharge Characteristics and Atomic Hydrogen Production. Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics, 50(41); 415204
Yu, B., Y. Zhang, W. Zheng, C. Fan, and T. Chen (2012). Positive Surface Charge Enhances Selective Cellular Uptake and Anticancer Efficacy of Selenium Nanoparticles. Inorganic Chemistry, 51(16); 8956–8963
Authors
Kadhim, M. J. ., Khaleel, R. I. ., Talib, K. M., & Mohammed, . R. S. . (2023). Green Synthesis of KO Nanoparticles by Cold Plasma and Study of Their Properties for Antibacterial Applications. Science and Technology Indonesia, 8(4), 579–584. https://doi.org/10.26554/sti.2023.8.4.579-584
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