Synthesis and Characterization of CuO and NiO Nanoparticles Derived from Schiff Base Complexes
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Keywords:
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Nanoparticles, Schiff Base Complexes, Thermal Decomposition
Abstract
This study reports the synthesizes of such as copper oxide (CuO) and nickel oxide (NiO) nanoparticles (NPs) by thermal decompositions of Schiff base complexes and their physical characterization. A polydentate Schiff base ligand, (E)-2-(((2-chlorobenzyl)imino)methyl)phenol (CIMP), was synthesized by condensing 2-chlorobenzylamine and 2-hydroxybenzaldehyde. The ligand was identified by melting point, FT-IR, UV-Vis, and (1H and 13C NMR) spectroscopy. Cu(II) and Ni(II) complexes were prepared by reacting CIMP with the corresponding molar ratio in a 1:1 (metal: ligand). The complexes (Com1 and Com2) were characterized by melting point, FT-IR, and UV-Vis spectroscopy. The FT-IR spectra of the (Com1 and Com2) showed that the deprotonated CIMP ligand coordinated to the Ni(II) and Cu(II) metal ions through the azomethine nitrogen, aryl chloride, chlorine, and phenolic oxygen atoms. To determine the crystalline structure of the synthesized products, X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) techniques were employed. The formation of copper oxide and nickel oxide as the new products was confirmed by XRD analysis. SEM imaging revealed the uniform and spherical morphology of the nanoparticles, which exhibited a remarkably narrow size distribution with an average diameter of 20 to 22 nm, highlighting their exceptional precision
References
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Chandra, S. and L. K. Gupta (2004). EPR and Electronic Spectral Studies on Co (II), Ni (II) and Cu (II) Complexes with a new Tetradentate [N4] Macrocyclic Ligand and Their Biological Activity. Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy, 60(7); 1563–1571
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Devi, J., S. Kumar, B. Kumar, S. Asija, and A. Kumar (2022). Synthesis, Structural Analysis, in Vitro Antioxidant, Antimicrobial Activity and Molecular Docking Studies of Transition Metal Complexes Derived from Schiff Base Ligands of 4-(Benzyloxy)-2-Hydroxybenzaldehyde. Research on Chemical Intermediates, 48(4); 1541–1576
Devi, P., K. Singh, and B. Kubavat (2023). Synthesis, Spectroscopic, Quantum, Thermal and Kinetics, Antibacterial and Antifungal Studies: Novel Schiff Base 5-Methyl-3-((5-Bromosalicylidene) Amino)-Pyrazole and Its Transition Metal Complexes. Results in Chemistry, 5; 100813
Elseman, A. M., D. Rayan, and M. Rashad (2016). Structure, Optical and Magnetic Behavior of Nanocrystalline CuO Nanopowders Synthesized Via a New Technique Using Schiff Base Complex. Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics, 27; 2652–2661
Farhadi, S. and Z. Roostaei-Zaniyani (2011). Simple and Low-Temperature Synthesis of NiO Nanoparticles through Solid-State Thermal Decomposition of the Hexa (ammine) Ni (ii) Nitrate, [Ni(NH3) 6](NO3) 2, Complex. Polyhedron, 30(7); 1244–1249
Ghaffari, A., M. Behzad, M. Pooyan, H. A. Rudbari, and G. Bruno (2014). Crystal Structures and Catalytic Performance of Three New Methoxy Substituted Salen Type Nickel (II) Schiff Base Complexes Derived from Meso-1, 2- Diphenyl-1, 2-Ethylenediamine. Journal of Molecular Structure, 1063; 1–7
Gobinath, E., M. Dhatchinamoorthy, P. Saran, D. Vishnu, R. Indumathy, and G. Kalaiarasi (2023). Synthesis and Characterization of NiO Nanoparticles Using Sesbania Grandiflora Flower to Evaluate Cytotoxicity. Results in Chemistry, 6; 101043
Gopalan, R. (2001). Concise coordination chemistry. Vikas publishing house Hossain, A. M. S., J. M. Méndez-Arriaga, C. Xia, J. Xie, and S. Gómez-Ruiz (2022). Metal Complexes with ONS Donor Schiff Bases. A Review. Polyhedron, 217; 115692
Ibrahim, E., L. H. Abdel-Rahman, A. M. Abu-Dief, A. Elshafaie, S. K. Hamdan, and A. Ahmed (2018). The Synthesis of CuO and NiO Nanoparticles by Facile Thermal Decomposition of Metal-Schiff Base Complexes and an Examination of Their Electric, Thermoelectric and Magnetic Properties. Materials Research Bulletin, 107; 492–497
Jassim, S. M., M. A. Abd, and I. A. Hammed (2023). Green Synthesis of Nickel Oxide Nanoparticles Using Syzygium Aromatic Extract: Characterization and Biological Applications. Al-Bahir Journal for Engineering and Pure Sciences, 2(2); 7
Jeewoth, T., H. Li Kam Wah, M. G. Bhowon, D. Ghoorohoo, and K. Babooram (2000). Synthesis and Anti-Bacterial/catalytic Properties of Schiff Bases and Schiff Base Metal Complexes Derived from 2, 3-Diaminopyridine. Sythesis and Reactivity in Inorganic and Matel-Organic Chemistry, 30(6); 1023–1038
Jia, W., E. Reitz, P. Shimpi, E. G. Rodriguez, P.-X. Gao, and Y. Lei (2009). Spherical CuO Synthesized by a Simple Hydrothermal Reaction: Concentration-Dependent Size and Its Electrocatalytic Application. Materials Research Bulletin, 44(8); 1681–1686
Kargar, H., A. Adabi Ardakani, K. S. Munawar, M. Ashfaq, and M. N. Tahir (2021). Nickel (II), Copper (II) and Zinc (II) Complexes Containing Symmetrical Tetradentate Schiff Base Ligand Derived from 3, 5-Diiodosalicylaldehyde: Synthesis, Characterization, Crystal Structure and Antimicrobial Activity. Journal of the Iranian Chemical Society, 18; 2493– 2503
Khalaji, A. D. (2013). Preparation and Characterization of NiO Nanoparticles Via Solid-State Thermal Decomposition of Nickel (II) Schiff Base Complexes [Ni (salophen)] and [Ni (me-Salophen)]. Journal of Cluster Science, 24(1); 209–215
V. Kuchtanin, L. Kleščíková, M. Šoral, R. Fischer, Z. Ružičková, E. Rakovský, J. Moncol’, dan P. Segl’a (2016). Nickel (II) Schiff base complexes: Synthesis, characterization and catalytic activity in Kumada–Corriu cross-coupling reactions. Polyhedron, 117, 90–96.
Nakamoto, K. (2009). Infrared and Raman Spectra of Inorganic and Coordination Compounds, Part B: Applications in Coordination, Organometallic, and Bioinorganic Chemistry. John Wiley & Sons
Ourari, A., Y. Ouennoughi, D. Aggoun, M. S. Mubarak, E. M. Pasciak, and D. G. Peters (2014). Synthesis, Characterization, and Electrochemical Study of a New Tetradentate Nickel (II)-Schiff Base Complex Derived from Ethylenediamine and 5’-(N-Methyl-N-Phenylaminomethyl)-2’-Hydroxyacetophenone. Polyhedron, 67; 59–64
Parashar, R., R. Sharma, A. Kumar, and G. Mohan (1988). Stability Studies in Relation to IR Data of Some Schiff Base Complexes of Transition Metals and Their Biological and Pharmacological Studies. Inorganica chimica acta, 151(3); 201–208
Parveen, K., V. Banse, and L. Ledwani (2016). Green Synthesis of Nanoparticles: Their Advantages and Disadvantages. In AIP Conference Proceedings, volume 1724. AIP Publishing
Patterson, A. (1939). The Scherrer Formula for X-Ray Particle Size Determination. Physical review, 56(10); 978
Phurat, C., T. Teerawatananond, and N. Muangsin (2010). 2-[(4-Chlorobenzyl) Iminomethyl] Phenol. Acta Crystallographica Section E: Structure Reports Online, 66(9); o2310–o2310
Refat, M. S., H. A. Saad, A. A. Gobouri, M. Alsawat, A. M. A. Adam, and S. M. El-Megharbel (2022). Charge Transfer Complexation between Some Transition Metal Ions with Azo Schiff Base Donor As a Smart Precursor for Synthesis of Nano Oxides: An Adsorption Efficiency for Treatment of Congo Red Dye in Wastewater. Journal of Molecular Liquids, 345; 117140
Saadat, A., A. Banaei, P. Mcardle, R. Jafari (2022). Spectral, Structural, and Antibacterial Study of Copper (II) Complex with N2O2 Donor Schiff Base Ligand and Its Usage in Preparation of CuO Nanoparticles. Journal of Chemistry, 2022; 1–13
Salavati-Niasari, M., N. Mir, and F. Davar (2009a). Synthesis and Characterization of NiO Nanoclusters Via Thermal Decomposition. Polyhedron, 28(6); 1111–1114
Salavati-Niasari, M., F. Mohandes, F. Davar, M. Mazaheri, M. Monemzadeh, and N. Yavarinia (2009b). Preparation of NiO Nanoparticles from Metal-Organic Frameworks Via a Solid-State Decomposition Route. Inorganica Chimica Acta, 362(10); 3691–3697
Santhi, S., R. Renganathan, S. Amala, G. Suganya, and K. Abinaya (2023). Highly Selective and Sensitive Dual Channel New Schiff Base Chemosensor Based on 5-Bromo-2-Hydroxybenzaldehyde and Its Co (II), Ni (II), Cu (II) and Zn (II) Complexes-Synthesis, Spectral and Theoretical Characterization and Pharmacological Applications. Vietnam Journal of Chemistry, 61(4); 429–444
Şenocak, A. and R. İmamoğlu (2022). NiO nanoparticles via calcination of a Schiff base complex: Photocatalytic and microbicidal activity
Silverstein, R., F. Webster, and D. Kiemle (2005). Silverstein-Spectrometric Identification of Organic Compounds 7th Ed. The State University of New York, College of Environmental Science and Forestry
Singh, A., H. P. Gogoi, and P. Barman (2023). Synthesis of Metal Oxide Nanoparticles by Facile Thermal Decomposition of New Co (II), Ni (II), and Zn (II) Schiff Base Complexes-Optical Properties and Photocatalytic Degradation of Methylene Blue Dye. Inorganica Chimica Acta, 546; 121292
Singh, P. K. and D. N. Kumar (2006). Spectral Studies on Cobalt (II), Nickel (II) and Copper (II) Complexes of Naphthaldehyde Substituted Aroylhydrazones. Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy, 64(4); 853–858
Sumalatha, V., D. Ayodhya, and V. Balchander (2023). Facile Synthesis of Hexagonal-Shaped CuO NPs from Cu (ii)-Schiff Base Complex for Enhanced Visible-Light-Driven Degradation of Dyes and Antimicrobial Studies. Inorganica Chimica Acta, 548; 121358
Taferguennit, M., N. Kichou, N. Guechtouli, and H. Zakia (2022). CuO Nanoparticls Thermally Synthesized from a Since-Wheel Copper (II) Complex. The Eurasia Proceedings of Science Technology Engineering and Mathematics, 20; 43–48
Tsacheva, I., Z. Todorova, D. Momekova, G. Momekov, and N. Koseva (2023). Pharmacological Activities of Schiff Bases and Their Derivatives with Low and High Molecular Phosphonates. Pharmaceuticals, 16(7); 938
Turner, J. F. (2002). Ligand Field Theory and Its Applications (Figgis, Brian N.; Hitchman, Michael A.). Journal of Chemical Education, 79(9); 1072
Yang, C., X. Su, J. Wang, X. Cao, S. Wang, and L. Zhang (2013). Facile Microwave-Assisted Hydrothermal Synthesis of Varied-Shaped CuO Nanoparticles and Their Gas Sensing Properties. Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical, 185; 159–165
Yousif, E., A. Majeed, K. Al-Sammarrae, N. Salih, J. Salimon, and B. Abdullah (2017). Metal Complexes of Schiff Base: Preparation, Characterization and Antibacterial Activity. Arabian Journal of Chemistry, 10; S1639–S1644
Abu-Dief, A. M., I. F. Nassar, and W. H. Elsayed (2016). Magnetic NiFe2O4 Nanoparticles: Efficient, Heterogeneous and Reusable Catalyst for Synthesis of Acetylferrocene Chalcones and Their Anti-Tumour Activity. Applied Organometallic Chemistry, 30(11); 917–923
Ali, M. A. E. A. A. and A. M. Abu-Dief (2015). CuFe2O4 Nanoparticles: An Efficient Heterogeneous Magnetically Separable Catalyst for Synthesis of Some Novel Propynyl-1H-Imidazoles Derivatives. Tetrahedron, 71(17); 2579–2584
Bayansal, F., S. Kahraman, G. Çankaya, H. Çetinkara, H. Güder, and H. Çakmak (2011). Growth of Homogenous CuO Nano-Structured Thin Films by a Simple Solution Method. Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 509(5); 2094–2098
Chandra, S. and L. K. Gupta (2004). EPR and Electronic Spectral Studies on Co (II), Ni (II) and Cu (II) Complexes with a new Tetradentate [N4] Macrocyclic Ligand and Their Biological Activity. Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy, 60(7); 1563–1571
Dabhane, H., S. Ghotekar, M. Zate, K.-Y. A. Lin, A. Rahdar, B. Ravindran, D. Bahiram, C. Ingale, B. Khairnar, and D. Sali (2023). A Novel Approach toward the Bio-Inspired Synthesis of CuO Nanoparticles for Phenol Degradation and Antimicrobial Applications. Biomass Conversion and Biorefinery; 1–16
Devi, J., S. Kumar, B. Kumar, S. Asija, and A. Kumar (2022). Synthesis, Structural Analysis, in Vitro Antioxidant, Antimicrobial Activity and Molecular Docking Studies of Transition Metal Complexes Derived from Schiff Base Ligands of 4-(Benzyloxy)-2-Hydroxybenzaldehyde. Research on Chemical Intermediates, 48(4); 1541–1576
Devi, P., K. Singh, and B. Kubavat (2023). Synthesis, Spectroscopic, Quantum, Thermal and Kinetics, Antibacterial and Antifungal Studies: Novel Schiff Base 5-Methyl-3-((5-Bromosalicylidene) Amino)-Pyrazole and Its Transition Metal Complexes. Results in Chemistry, 5; 100813
Elseman, A. M., D. Rayan, and M. Rashad (2016). Structure, Optical and Magnetic Behavior of Nanocrystalline CuO Nanopowders Synthesized Via a New Technique Using Schiff Base Complex. Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics, 27; 2652–2661
Farhadi, S. and Z. Roostaei-Zaniyani (2011). Simple and Low-Temperature Synthesis of NiO Nanoparticles through Solid-State Thermal Decomposition of the Hexa (ammine) Ni (ii) Nitrate, [Ni(NH3) 6](NO3) 2, Complex. Polyhedron, 30(7); 1244–1249
Ghaffari, A., M. Behzad, M. Pooyan, H. A. Rudbari, and G. Bruno (2014). Crystal Structures and Catalytic Performance of Three New Methoxy Substituted Salen Type Nickel (II) Schiff Base Complexes Derived from Meso-1, 2- Diphenyl-1, 2-Ethylenediamine. Journal of Molecular Structure, 1063; 1–7
Gobinath, E., M. Dhatchinamoorthy, P. Saran, D. Vishnu, R. Indumathy, and G. Kalaiarasi (2023). Synthesis and Characterization of NiO Nanoparticles Using Sesbania Grandiflora Flower to Evaluate Cytotoxicity. Results in Chemistry, 6; 101043
Gopalan, R. (2001). Concise coordination chemistry. Vikas publishing house Hossain, A. M. S., J. M. Méndez-Arriaga, C. Xia, J. Xie, and S. Gómez-Ruiz (2022). Metal Complexes with ONS Donor Schiff Bases. A Review. Polyhedron, 217; 115692
Ibrahim, E., L. H. Abdel-Rahman, A. M. Abu-Dief, A. Elshafaie, S. K. Hamdan, and A. Ahmed (2018). The Synthesis of CuO and NiO Nanoparticles by Facile Thermal Decomposition of Metal-Schiff Base Complexes and an Examination of Their Electric, Thermoelectric and Magnetic Properties. Materials Research Bulletin, 107; 492–497
Jassim, S. M., M. A. Abd, and I. A. Hammed (2023). Green Synthesis of Nickel Oxide Nanoparticles Using Syzygium Aromatic Extract: Characterization and Biological Applications. Al-Bahir Journal for Engineering and Pure Sciences, 2(2); 7
Jeewoth, T., H. Li Kam Wah, M. G. Bhowon, D. Ghoorohoo, and K. Babooram (2000). Synthesis and Anti-Bacterial/catalytic Properties of Schiff Bases and Schiff Base Metal Complexes Derived from 2, 3-Diaminopyridine. Sythesis and Reactivity in Inorganic and Matel-Organic Chemistry, 30(6); 1023–1038
Jia, W., E. Reitz, P. Shimpi, E. G. Rodriguez, P.-X. Gao, and Y. Lei (2009). Spherical CuO Synthesized by a Simple Hydrothermal Reaction: Concentration-Dependent Size and Its Electrocatalytic Application. Materials Research Bulletin, 44(8); 1681–1686
Kargar, H., A. Adabi Ardakani, K. S. Munawar, M. Ashfaq, and M. N. Tahir (2021). Nickel (II), Copper (II) and Zinc (II) Complexes Containing Symmetrical Tetradentate Schiff Base Ligand Derived from 3, 5-Diiodosalicylaldehyde: Synthesis, Characterization, Crystal Structure and Antimicrobial Activity. Journal of the Iranian Chemical Society, 18; 2493– 2503
Khalaji, A. D. (2013). Preparation and Characterization of NiO Nanoparticles Via Solid-State Thermal Decomposition of Nickel (II) Schiff Base Complexes [Ni (salophen)] and [Ni (me-Salophen)]. Journal of Cluster Science, 24(1); 209–215
V. Kuchtanin, L. Kleščíková, M. Šoral, R. Fischer, Z. Ružičková, E. Rakovský, J. Moncol’, dan P. Segl’a (2016). Nickel (II) Schiff base complexes: Synthesis, characterization and catalytic activity in Kumada–Corriu cross-coupling reactions. Polyhedron, 117, 90–96.
Nakamoto, K. (2009). Infrared and Raman Spectra of Inorganic and Coordination Compounds, Part B: Applications in Coordination, Organometallic, and Bioinorganic Chemistry. John Wiley & Sons
Ourari, A., Y. Ouennoughi, D. Aggoun, M. S. Mubarak, E. M. Pasciak, and D. G. Peters (2014). Synthesis, Characterization, and Electrochemical Study of a New Tetradentate Nickel (II)-Schiff Base Complex Derived from Ethylenediamine and 5’-(N-Methyl-N-Phenylaminomethyl)-2’-Hydroxyacetophenone. Polyhedron, 67; 59–64
Parashar, R., R. Sharma, A. Kumar, and G. Mohan (1988). Stability Studies in Relation to IR Data of Some Schiff Base Complexes of Transition Metals and Their Biological and Pharmacological Studies. Inorganica chimica acta, 151(3); 201–208
Parveen, K., V. Banse, and L. Ledwani (2016). Green Synthesis of Nanoparticles: Their Advantages and Disadvantages. In AIP Conference Proceedings, volume 1724. AIP Publishing
Patterson, A. (1939). The Scherrer Formula for X-Ray Particle Size Determination. Physical review, 56(10); 978
Phurat, C., T. Teerawatananond, and N. Muangsin (2010). 2-[(4-Chlorobenzyl) Iminomethyl] Phenol. Acta Crystallographica Section E: Structure Reports Online, 66(9); o2310–o2310
Refat, M. S., H. A. Saad, A. A. Gobouri, M. Alsawat, A. M. A. Adam, and S. M. El-Megharbel (2022). Charge Transfer Complexation between Some Transition Metal Ions with Azo Schiff Base Donor As a Smart Precursor for Synthesis of Nano Oxides: An Adsorption Efficiency for Treatment of Congo Red Dye in Wastewater. Journal of Molecular Liquids, 345; 117140
Saadat, A., A. Banaei, P. Mcardle, R. Jafari (2022). Spectral, Structural, and Antibacterial Study of Copper (II) Complex with N2O2 Donor Schiff Base Ligand and Its Usage in Preparation of CuO Nanoparticles. Journal of Chemistry, 2022; 1–13
Salavati-Niasari, M., N. Mir, and F. Davar (2009a). Synthesis and Characterization of NiO Nanoclusters Via Thermal Decomposition. Polyhedron, 28(6); 1111–1114
Salavati-Niasari, M., F. Mohandes, F. Davar, M. Mazaheri, M. Monemzadeh, and N. Yavarinia (2009b). Preparation of NiO Nanoparticles from Metal-Organic Frameworks Via a Solid-State Decomposition Route. Inorganica Chimica Acta, 362(10); 3691–3697
Santhi, S., R. Renganathan, S. Amala, G. Suganya, and K. Abinaya (2023). Highly Selective and Sensitive Dual Channel New Schiff Base Chemosensor Based on 5-Bromo-2-Hydroxybenzaldehyde and Its Co (II), Ni (II), Cu (II) and Zn (II) Complexes-Synthesis, Spectral and Theoretical Characterization and Pharmacological Applications. Vietnam Journal of Chemistry, 61(4); 429–444
Şenocak, A. and R. İmamoğlu (2022). NiO nanoparticles via calcination of a Schiff base complex: Photocatalytic and microbicidal activity
Silverstein, R., F. Webster, and D. Kiemle (2005). Silverstein-Spectrometric Identification of Organic Compounds 7th Ed. The State University of New York, College of Environmental Science and Forestry
Singh, A., H. P. Gogoi, and P. Barman (2023). Synthesis of Metal Oxide Nanoparticles by Facile Thermal Decomposition of New Co (II), Ni (II), and Zn (II) Schiff Base Complexes-Optical Properties and Photocatalytic Degradation of Methylene Blue Dye. Inorganica Chimica Acta, 546; 121292
Singh, P. K. and D. N. Kumar (2006). Spectral Studies on Cobalt (II), Nickel (II) and Copper (II) Complexes of Naphthaldehyde Substituted Aroylhydrazones. Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy, 64(4); 853–858
Sumalatha, V., D. Ayodhya, and V. Balchander (2023). Facile Synthesis of Hexagonal-Shaped CuO NPs from Cu (ii)-Schiff Base Complex for Enhanced Visible-Light-Driven Degradation of Dyes and Antimicrobial Studies. Inorganica Chimica Acta, 548; 121358
Taferguennit, M., N. Kichou, N. Guechtouli, and H. Zakia (2022). CuO Nanoparticls Thermally Synthesized from a Since-Wheel Copper (II) Complex. The Eurasia Proceedings of Science Technology Engineering and Mathematics, 20; 43–48
Tsacheva, I., Z. Todorova, D. Momekova, G. Momekov, and N. Koseva (2023). Pharmacological Activities of Schiff Bases and Their Derivatives with Low and High Molecular Phosphonates. Pharmaceuticals, 16(7); 938
Turner, J. F. (2002). Ligand Field Theory and Its Applications (Figgis, Brian N.; Hitchman, Michael A.). Journal of Chemical Education, 79(9); 1072
Yang, C., X. Su, J. Wang, X. Cao, S. Wang, and L. Zhang (2013). Facile Microwave-Assisted Hydrothermal Synthesis of Varied-Shaped CuO Nanoparticles and Their Gas Sensing Properties. Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical, 185; 159–165
Yousif, E., A. Majeed, K. Al-Sammarrae, N. Salih, J. Salimon, and B. Abdullah (2017). Metal Complexes of Schiff Base: Preparation, Characterization and Antibacterial Activity. Arabian Journal of Chemistry, 10; S1639–S1644
Authors
Bader, A. T., Al-qasii, . N. A. R., & Khaleel, A. M. N. . (2024). Synthesis and Characterization of CuO and NiO Nanoparticles Derived from Schiff Base Complexes. Science and Technology Indonesia, 9(1), 103–112. https://doi.org/10.26554/sti.2024.9.1.103-112
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