Utilization of Bengkalis Beach Sand Silica as Raw Material in the Synthesis of Zeolite 4A

Yelmida Azis, Ida Zahrina, Ahmad Fadli, Muhammad Asyaf Hazzamy

Abstract

Zeolite 4A is a porous material that is widely used as an adsorbent, catalyst, membrane, ion exchanger, molecular sieve, etc. As a source of silica in the synthesis of zeolite 4A, silica from natural materials, biomass waste or chemicals has been used. In this research, silica extracted from Bengkalis beach sand (BBS) was used as raw material. The silica content in its oxide form, silicon oxide (SiO2) in BBS reaches 90%. The synthesis of zeolite 4A was carried out using a hydrothermal process, by varying the mole ratio of Si/Al from the reactant sodium silicate to sodium aluminate, namely 1.2:1; 1.4:1; 1.6:1 at reaction temperatures of 100, 110 and 120°C. Based on characterization using X-ray diffraction and an infrared spectrometer, the best conditions were obtained at a mole ratio reactant of 1.6, a reaction temperature of 100°C with a crystallinity percentage reaching 80.97%. Based on SEM-EDX analysis, the zeolite has an agglomerated morphology with a Si/Al ratio of around 1.09. The surface area, pore volume, and pore diameter of the synthesized zeolite were analyzed using a Brunauer-Emmet-Teller (BET) technique, respectively 81.844 m2/g, 0.039 cm3/g, and 3.07 nm.

References

Al-Jubouri, S. M., H. A. Sabbar, H. A. Lafta, and B. I. Waisi (2019). Effect of Synthesis Parameters on the Formation 4A Zeolite Crystals: Characterization Analysis and Heavy Metals Uptake Performance Study for Water Treatment. Desalination and Water Treatment, 165; 290–300

Azis, Y., N. Jamarun, S. Arief, and H. Nur (2015). Facile Synthesis of Hydroxyapatite Particles from Cockle Shells (Anadaragranosa) by Hydrothermal Method. Oriental Journal of Chemistry, 31(2); 1-7

Byrappa, K. and M. Yoshimura (2012). Handbook of Hydrothermal Technology. William Andrew

Cui, Y., Y. Zheng, and W. Wang (2018). Synthesis of 4A Zeolite from Kaolinite-Type Pyrite Flotation Tailings (KPFT). Minerals, 8(8); 338

Dahani, W., S. Subandrio, I. Marwanza, M. Azizi, and R. Kurniawati (2020). Direct Transformation of Bangka Kaolin to Zeolite 4A: Effect of Hydrothermal Temperature. In AIP Conference Proceedings, volume 2267. AIP Publishing

Derbe, T., S. Temesgen, and M. Bitew (2021). A Short Review on Synthesis, Characterization, and Applications of Zeolites. Advances in Materials Science and Engineering, 2021; 1–17

Du, C. and H. Yang (2010). Synthesis and Characterization of Zeolite 4A-Type Desiccant from Kaolin. American Mineralogist, 95(5-6); 741–746

Garcia Mendoza, J. G. (2017). Synthesis and Applications of Low Silica Zeolites from Bolivian Clay and Diatomaceous Earth. Ph.D. thesis, Luleå University of Technology

Ginting, S., Y. Yulia, H. Wardono, M. Hanif, and D. Iryani (2019). Synthesis and Characterization of Zeolite Lynde Type A (LTA): Effect of Aging Time. In Journal of Physics: Conference Series, volume 1376. IOP Publishing, page 012041

Golbad, S., P. Khoshnoud, and N. Abu-Zahra (2017). Synthesis of 4A Zeolite and Characterization of Calcium-and Silver-Exchanged Forms. Journal of Minerals and Materials Characterization and Engineering, 5(05); 237

Golomeova, M. and A. Zendelska (2016). Application of Some Natural Porous Raw Materials for Removal of Lead and Zinc from Aqueous Solutions. Microporous and Mesoporous Materials; 21-49

H Kareem, S., J. R Ugal, and S. S Hassan (2014). Preparation of Zeolite Types 4A and 5A from Iraqi Kaolin to Remove Sulfur and Water from LPG. Journal of Kerbala University,
7(4); 16–25

Hwang, K. J., W. S. Choi, S. H. Jung, Y. J. Kwon, S. Hong, C. Choi, J. W. Lee, and W. G. Shim (2018). Synthesis of Zeolitic Material from Basalt Rock and Its Adsorption Properties for Carbon Dioxide. RSC Advances, 8(17); 9524–9529

Li, W., C. Yan, and W. Hu (2010). Synthesis and Characterization of Zeolite 4A from Soft Kaolin. Desalination and Water Treatment, 22(1-3); 87–90

Menad, K., A. Feddag, and K. Rubenis (2016). Synthesis and Study of Calcination Temperature Influence on the Change of Structural Properties of the LTA Zeolite. Rasayan Journal of Chemistry, 9(4)

Mgbemere, H., I. Ekpe, G. Lawal, H. Ovri, and A.-L. Chaudhary (2019). Preparation and Characterization of Zeolite Type 4A Using Kaolin from Ajebo, Nigeria. Pertanika Journal
of Science and Technology

Moreira, J. C., R. A. A. B. Santa, J. Nones, and H. G. Riella (2018). Synthesis of Zeolite 4A fo Obtaining Zeolite 5A by Ionic Exchange for Full Utilization of Waste from Paper Industry. Brazilian Journal of Chemical Engineering, 35; 623–630

Munasir, A. T. Z. M. . D., Sulton (2013). Synthesis of Silica Nanopowder Produced from Indonesian Natural Sand Via Alkalifussion Route. In 2nd International Conference on Theoretical and Applied Physics, ICTAP 2012. pages 28–31

Munasir, L. T. A. . D., Rohmawati (2020). Amorphous SiO2 Nanoparticles from Natural Sands: Structure and Porosity. Chiang Mai University Journal of Natural Sciences, 19(3); 563–579

Murat, M., A. Amokrane, J. Bastide, and L. Montanaro (1992). Synthesis of Zeolites from Thermally Activated Kaolinite. Some Observations on Nucleation and Growth. Clay Minerals, 27(1); 119–130

Omisanya, N., C. Folayan, S. Aku, and S. Adefila (2012). Synthesis and Characterisation of Zeolite a for Adsorption Refrigeration Application. Advances in Applied Science Research, 3(6); 3746-3754

Owoeye, S. S., S. M. Abegunde, and B. Oji (2021). A Novel Low Temperature Synthesis of Sodium Silicate (Water Glass) from Silica-Rich Wastes Using Hydrothermal Method. Global Journal of Engineering and Technology Advances, 6(1); 066–075

Paprica, N., R. Filipović, M. Perušić, D. Kostić, S. Pantić, and V. Damjanović (2022). Influence of the SiO2/Al2O3 Molar Ratio on the Specific Properties of NaA Zeolite. Chemical Papers, 76(9); 5421-5428

Payra, P. and P. K. Dutta (2003). Zeolites: A Primer. Handbook of Zeolite Science and Technology, 2(2); 1–19

Rahman, A. U., F. U. Khan, W. U. Rehman, and S. Saleem (2018). Synthesis and Characterization of Zeolite 4A Using Swat Kaolin. Journal of Chemical Technology and Metallurgy, 53(5); 825–829

Rahman, A. U., W. U. Rehman, F. U. Khan, and J. Shah (2021). Synthesis of Zeolite 4A Using Bauxite As Aluminum Source: Characterization and Performance. Journal of Chemical Technology and Metallurgy, 56(2); 327–330

Sowunmi, A., F. Anafi, O. Ajayi, N. Omisanya, D. Obada, A. Oyedeji, and K. Salami (2022). Mixture Optimization of Synthesized Zeolites 4A and 13X for Solar Adsorption Refrigeration Application. International Journal of Low-Carbon Technologies, 17; 1177–1185

Sumaria, V. and G. Govindasamy (2014). Comparison between Template Assisted and OSDA Free Synthesis of ZSM12 and Zeolite Beta. 10th Annual Session of Students’ Chemical Engineering Congress (SCHEMCON–2014); 1–8

Supriyadi, D., R. P. Sari, A. C. Farhan, et al. (2021). Application of Non-Linear Kinetic and Isotherm Model for Investigation of COD Removal from Tapioca Liquid Waste onto Modified Lampung Natural Zeolite. Science and Technology Indonesia, 6(4); 218–227

Tounsi, H., S. Mseddi, and S. Djemel (2009). Preparation and Characterization of Na-LTA Zeolite from Tunisian Sand and Aluminum Scrap. Physics Procedia, 2(3); 1065–1074

Wang, P., Q. Sun, Y. Zhang, and J. Cao (2019). Synthesis of Zeolite 4A from Kaolin and Its Adsorption Equilibrium of Carbon Dioxide. Materials, 12(9); 1536

Wongwichien, J., S. Asavapisit, and K. Sombatsompop (2014). Synthesis and Use of Zeolite Na-A from Waste Sludge of Water Treatment Plant for Ammonium Removal. Chiang Mai Journal of Science, 41(5.2); 1262–1273

Wu, Z., J. Xie, H. Liu, T. Chen, P. Cheng, C. Wang, and D. Kong (2018). Preparation, Characterization, and Performance of 4A Zeolite Based on Opal Waste Rock for Removal of Ammonium Ion. Adsorption Science & Technology, 36(9-10); 1700–1715

Zaky, R., M. M. Hessien, A. El-Midany, M. Khedr, E. Abdel-Aal, and K. El-Barawy (2008). Preparation of Silica Nanoparticles from Semi-Burned Rice Straw Ash. Powder Technology,
185(1); 31–35

Authors

Yelmida Azis
yelmida.azis@lecturer.unri.ac.id (Primary Contact)
Ida Zahrina
Ahmad Fadli
Muhammad Asyaf Hazzamy
Azis, Y., Zahrina, I. ., Fadli, A. ., & Hazzamy, M. A. . (2024). Utilization of Bengkalis Beach Sand Silica as Raw Material in the Synthesis of Zeolite 4A. Science and Technology Indonesia, 9(2), 244–250. https://doi.org/10.26554/sti.2024.9.2.244-250

Article Details