Enhanced Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Kaempferia galanga Extract by Solid Self-Nanoemulsifying Drug Delivery System and Its Development in Fast Disintegrating Tablet
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Keywords:
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Anti-Inflammation, Fast Disintegrating Tablet, Solid Self-Nanoemulsifying Drug Delivery System, Kaempferia galanga
Abstract
The increasing global incidence of osteoarthritis (OA) emphasizes the need for effective treatments, particularly for the elderly. Conventional OA treatments pose administration challenges, leading to patient discomfort due to difficulties in administration. Herbal formulations offer an alternative to mitigate these issues. Kaempferia galanga (KG) contains ethyl p-methoxycinnamate, a compound displaying anti-inflammatory properties that hold promise for OA treatment. This study explores the formulation of a solid self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery system (S-SNEDDS) of Kaempferia galanga extract (KGE) and evaluates its anti inflammatory efficacy, subsequently developing it into a fast disintegrating tablet (FDT) dosage form. Initially, a liquid SNEDDS (L-SNEDDS) was prepared with varying surfactant and co surfactant concentrations. The optimal formula of L-SNEDDS (FL2) using tween 80: cremophor RH 40: PEG 400 in a ratio of 1:1:2 demonstrated favorable characteristics, including transmittance of 86.93 ± 1.16%, emulsification time of 28 ± 2.65 s, particle size of 27.79 ± 2.00 nm, PDI of 0.21 ± 0.014, and zeta potential of -12.57 mV. FL2 was solidified using aerosil 200 to produce S-SNEDDS and tested for anti-inflammatory efficacy in vivo using a carrageenan induced rat model. Results showed enhanced anti-inflammatory efficacy of KGE via S-SNEDDS, marked by reduced edema volume. Afterward, FDT S-SNEDDS were prepared using the direct compression method by comparing different types of superdisintegrants. The formulation using the combination of crospovidone and croscarmellose sodium (FT2) demonstrated excellent flow properties, tablet disintegration time of 63 s, wetting time of 34.01 ± 7.87 s, friability of 0.19%, and hardness of 3.53 ± 6.16 kg/cm2. The dissolution test indicated a better dissolution profile for FT2 compared to other formulations. In conclusion, this research presents the potential of FDT S-SNEDDS as a promising drug delivery system for enhancing the therapeutic effects of Kaempferia galanga extract in treating inflammatory conditions such as osteoarthritis.
References
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Humane, S., Shinkar, D., & Saudagar, R. (2018). Formulation and In-vitro Evaluation of Fast Disintegrating Tablet of Eprosartan Mesylate. Journal of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Research, 7(2), 1–10.
Indratmoko, S., Fadilla, V. D., & Setiyabudi, L. (2021). Formula Optimization of Self Nanoemulsifying Drug Delivery System (SNEDDS) Ethanol Extract of Salam Leaves (Syzygium polyanthum) as Antibacterial Staphylococcus aureus. Jurnal Pharmaqueous STIKES Al-Irsyad Al-Islamiyyah Cilacap, 3, 46–56.
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Izham, M., Hussin, Y., Aziz, M., Yeap, S., Rahman, H., Masarudin, M., Mohamad, N., Abdullah, R., & Alitheen, N. (2019). Preparation and Characterization of Self Nano-Emulsifying Drug Delivery System Loaded with Citral and Its Antiproliferative Effect on Colorectal Cells In Vitro. Nanomaterials, 9.
Kaur, G., Chandel, P., & Harikumar, S. (2013). Formulation Development of Self Nanoemulsifying Drug Delivery System (SNEDDS) of Celecoxib for Improvement of Oral Bioavailability. Pharmacophore, 4, 120.
Khadka, M., Khanal, D., Baniya, D., Karki, P., & Shrestha, S. (2021). Formulation and Evaluation of Oral Disintegrating Tablets of Furosemide. World Journal of Current Medical and Pharmaceutical Research, 3, 149–156.
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Kim, H., Lee, H., Lee, D., Choi, B., & Yang, S. (2020). Herbal Composition LI73014F2 Alleviates Articular Cartilage Damage and Inflammatory Responses in A Rat Model of Monosodium Iodoacetate-Induced Osteoarthritis. BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies, 20(1), 1–13.
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Kumar, M., Bishnoi, R., Shukla, A., & Jain, C. (2019). Techniques for Formulation of Nanoemulsion Drug Delivery System: A Review. Preventive Nutrition and Food Science, 24, 225–239.
Kumar, R. S., & Devi, M. G. (2022). A Review Article on Fast Dissolving Tablets. International Journal of Health Sciences, 6(II), 13684–13698.
Maji, I., Mahajan, S., Sriram, A., Medtiya, P., Vasave, R., Khatri, D., Kumar, R., Singh, S., Madan, J., & Singh, P. (2021). Solid Self Emulsifying Drug Delivery System: Superior Mode for Oral Delivery of Hydrophobic Cargos. Journal of Controlled Release, 337, 646–660.
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Rachmaniar, R., Warya, S., Ferdiansyah, R., Riasari, H., & Gumelar, A. (2020). Pharmaceutical Cocrystal of Ethyl p-Methoxycinnamate: Formulation and Characterization. Advances in Health Sciences Research, 26, 96–101.
Rani, K. C., Parfati, N., & Prasetya, P. E. (2017). Pengaruh Komposisi Campuran Fisik Crospovidone-Sodium Starch Glycolate (1:1, 1:2, dan 1:3) Terhadap Karakteristik Fisikokimia Sediaan Tablet Orodispersible Atenolol. Media Pharmaceutica Indonesiana, 1, 127–135.
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Schmied, F. P., Bernhardt, A., & Klein, S. (2022). Preparation of Solid Self-Nanoemulsifying Drug Delivery Systems (S-SNEDDS) by Co-Extrusion of Liquid SNEDDS and Polymeric Carriers—A New and Promising Formulation Approach to Improve the Solubility of Poorly Water-Soluble Drugs. Pharmaceuticals, 15(9), 1135.
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Aher, S., Saudagar, R., & Shinde, M. (2018). Review: Fast Dissolving Tablet. International Journal of Current Pharmaceutical Research, 10, 5.
Ahmad, S., & Hafeez, A. (2023). Formulation and Development of Curcumin–Piperine-Loaded S-SNEDDS for the Treatment of Alzheimer’s Disease. Molecular Neurobiology, 60, 1067–1082.
Aprilianio, E., Lusia, O., Ruma, K., Sari, E., Deddy, I., & Kalimantan, J. (2017). Optimization of Sodium Starch Glycolate and Crospovidone as Superdisintegrant in Orally Disintegrating Meloxicam Tablet Dosage Form. e-Jurnal Pustaka Kesehatan, 5, 399–405.
Baloch, J., Sohail, M., Sarwar, H., Kiani, M., Khan, G., Jahan, S., Rafay, M., Chaudhry, M., Yasinzai, M., & Shahnaz, G. (2019). Self-nanoemulsifying Drug Delivery System (SNEDDS) for Improved Oral Bioavailability of Chlorpromazine: In Vitro and In Vivo Evaluation. Medicina (Lithuania), 55(5), 210.
Bashir, M., Khan, A., Shah, S., Ullah, M., Khuda, F., Abbas, M., Goh, K., & Ming, L. (2023). Development and Evaluation of Self-Emulsifying Drug-Delivery System–Based Tablets for Simvastatin, a BCS Class II Drug. Drug Design, Development and Therapy, 17, 261–272.
Berardi, A., & Janssen, P. H. (2022). Technical Insight into Potential Functional-Related Characteristics (FRCs) of Sodium Starch Glycolate, Croscarmellose Sodium and Crospovidone. Journal of Drug Delivery Science and Technology, 70, 103261.
Berkenkemper, S., Keizer, H. L., Lindenberg, M., Szepes, A., & Kleinebudde, P. (2020). Functionality of Disintegrants with Different Mechanisms After Roll Compaction. International Journal of Pharmaceutics, 584, 119434.
Buya, A., Beloqui, A., Memvanga, P., & Préat, V. (2020). Self-Nano-Emulsifying Drug-Delivery Systems: From the Development to the Current Applications and Challenges in Oral Drug Delivery. Pharmaceutics, 12, 1–52.
Chen, D., Shen, J., Zhao, W., Wang, T., Han, L., Hamilton, J., & Im, H. (2017). Osteoarthritis: Toward a Comprehensive Understanding of Pathological Mechanism. Bone Research, 5(1), 1–13.
Chow, Y. Y., & Chin, K. Y. (2020). The Role of Inflammation in the Pathogenesis of Osteoarthritis. Mediators of Inflammation, 2020(1), 8293921.
Dasari, N., & Maruvajala, V. (2020). Preparation and Evaluation of Fast Dissolving Tablets of Pitavastatin by 32 Full Factorial Design. International Journal of Applied Pharmaceutics, 12, 108–114.
Desai, P., Er, P., Liew, C., & Heng, P. (2014). Functionality of Disintegrants and Their Mixtures in Enabling Fast Disintegration of Tablets by A Quality By Design Approach. AAPS PharmSciTech, 15, 1093–1104.
Detholia, K., Mohandas, A., Varia, U., Jadeja, M., & Katariya, H. (2023). Development and Optimization of Ropinirole Loaded Self-Nanoemulsifying Tablets. Future Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 9(1), 66.
Dwita, L., Hikmawanti, N., Yeni, & Supandi. (2021). Extract, Fractions, and Ethyl-p-Methoxycinnamate Isolate from Kaempferia galanga Elicit Anti-Inflammatory Activity by Limiting Leukotriene B4 (LTB4) Production. Journal of Traditional and Complementary Medicine, 11, 563–569.
Eid, A. M., Elmarzugi, N. A., & Jaradat, N. A. (2019). Influence of Sonication and In Vitro Evaluation of Nifedipine Self-Nanoemulsifying Drug Delivery System. Brazilian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 55, e17497.
Emerenciano, D., Baracho, B., De Medeiros, M., Rocha, H., Xavier, F., Da Veiga, V., & Maciel, M. (2019). Physicochemical Characterizations and Antioxidant Property Of Copaiba Oil Loaded into SNEDDS Systems. Journal of the Brazilian Chemical Society, 30, 234–246.
Frei, G., Haimhoffer, Á., Csapó, E., Bodnár, K., Vasvári, G., Nemes, D., Lekli, I., Gyöngyösi, A., Bácskay, I., Fehér, P., et al. (2023). In Vitro and In Vivo Efficacy of Topical Dosage Forms Containing Self-Nanoemulsifying Drug Delivery System Loaded with Curcumin. Pharmaceutics, 15(8), 2054.
Gao, L., Zhang, D., & Chen, M. (2008). Drug Nanocrystals for The Formulation of Poorly Soluble Drugs and Its Application as A Potential Drug Delivery System. Journal of Nanoparticle Research, 10, 845–862.
Gupta, A., Hunt, R., Shah, R., Sayeed, V., & Khan, M. (2009). Disintegration of Highly Soluble Immediate Release Tablets: A Surrogate for Dissolution. AAPS PharmSciTech, 10, 495–499.
Hasan, M., Rahman, M., Hasan, H., Hasan, M., Rashid, H., & Islam, R. (2017). A Key Approach on Dissolution of Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms. Journal, 6, 168–180.
Humane, S., Shinkar, D., & Saudagar, R. (2018). Formulation and In-vitro Evaluation of Fast Disintegrating Tablet of Eprosartan Mesylate. Journal of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Research, 7(2), 1–10.
Indratmoko, S., Fadilla, V. D., & Setiyabudi, L. (2021). Formula Optimization of Self Nanoemulsifying Drug Delivery System (SNEDDS) Ethanol Extract of Salam Leaves (Syzygium polyanthum) as Antibacterial Staphylococcus aureus. Jurnal Pharmaqueous STIKES Al-Irsyad Al-Islamiyyah Cilacap, 3, 46–56.
Indrayanto, G. (2022). The Importance of Method Validation in Herbal Drug Research. Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis, 214, 114735.
Izham, M., Hussin, Y., Aziz, M., Yeap, S., Rahman, H., Masarudin, M., Mohamad, N., Abdullah, R., & Alitheen, N. (2019). Preparation and Characterization of Self Nano-Emulsifying Drug Delivery System Loaded with Citral and Its Antiproliferative Effect on Colorectal Cells In Vitro. Nanomaterials, 9.
Kaur, G., Chandel, P., & Harikumar, S. (2013). Formulation Development of Self Nanoemulsifying Drug Delivery System (SNEDDS) of Celecoxib for Improvement of Oral Bioavailability. Pharmacophore, 4, 120.
Khadka, M., Khanal, D., Baniya, D., Karki, P., & Shrestha, S. (2021). Formulation and Evaluation of Oral Disintegrating Tablets of Furosemide. World Journal of Current Medical and Pharmaceutical Research, 3, 149–156.
Khan, A., Kotta, S., Ansari, S., Sharma, R., & Ali, J. (2015). Self-nanoemulsifying Drug Delivery System (SNEDDS) of the Poorly Water-Soluble Grapefruit Flavonoid Naringenin: Design, Characterization, In Vitro and In Vivo Evaluation. Drug Delivery, 22, 552–561.
Kim, H., Lee, H., Lee, D., Choi, B., & Yang, S. (2020). Herbal Composition LI73014F2 Alleviates Articular Cartilage Damage and Inflammatory Responses in A Rat Model of Monosodium Iodoacetate-Induced Osteoarthritis. BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies, 20(1), 1–13.
Krekeler, B., Broadfoot, C., Johnson, S., Connor, N., & Rogus-Pulia, N. (2018). Patient Adherence to Dysphagia Recommendations: A Systematic Review. Dysphagia, 33, 173–184.
Kumar, M., Bishnoi, R., Shukla, A., & Jain, C. (2019). Techniques for Formulation of Nanoemulsion Drug Delivery System: A Review. Preventive Nutrition and Food Science, 24, 225–239.
Kumar, R. S., & Devi, M. G. (2022). A Review Article on Fast Dissolving Tablets. International Journal of Health Sciences, 6(II), 13684–13698.
Maji, I., Mahajan, S., Sriram, A., Medtiya, P., Vasave, R., Khatri, D., Kumar, R., Singh, S., Madan, J., & Singh, P. (2021). Solid Self Emulsifying Drug Delivery System: Superior Mode for Oral Delivery of Hydrophobic Cargos. Journal of Controlled Release, 337, 646–660.
Maqbool, M., Fekadu, G., Jiang, X., Bekele, F., Tolossa, T., Turi, E., Fetensa, G., & Fanta, K. (2021). An Up to Date on Clinical Prospects and Management of Osteoarthritis. Annals of Medicine and Surgery, 72, 103077.
Ma’arif, B., Tamara, Y., Al-Azzam, F., Azzahara, R., Rizki, F., Sugihantoro, H., Maulina, N., & Agil, M. (2023). The Formulation of Self-Nanoemulsifying Drug Delivery System of Ethanol Extract of Marsilea crenata C. Presl. Leaves. RASAYAN Journal of Chemistry, 16, 934–943.
Ministry of Health of the Republic of Indonesia. (2017). Indonesian Herbal Pharmacopoeia. Ministry of Health of the Republic of Indonesia, Jakarta.
Nair, A. B., Singh, B., Shah, J., Jacob, S., Aldhubiab, B., Sreeharsha, N., Morsy, M. A., Venugopala, K. N., Attimarad, M., & Shinu, P. (2022). Formulation and Evaluation of Self-Nanoemulsifying Drug Delivery System Derived Tablet Containing Sertraline. Pharmaceutics, 14(2), 336.
Nurhaslina, C. R., Mustapa, A. N., & Mohd Azizi, C. Y. (2023). Kaempferia Galanga Linn: A Systematic Review of Phytochemistry, Extraction Technique, and Pharmacological Activities. ASM Science Journal, 18, 1–12.
Nurul, A. A., Azlan, M., Ahmad Mohd Zain, M. R., Sebastian, A. A., Fan, Y. Z., & Fauzi, M. B. (2021). Mesenchymal Stem Cells: Current Concepts in the Management of Inflammation in Osteoarthritis. Biomedicines, 9(7), 785.
Parkash, V., Maan, S., Deepika, Yadav, S., Hemlata, & Jogpal, V. (2011). Fast Disintegrating Tablets: Opportunity in Drug Delivery System. Journal of Advanced Pharmaceutical Technology & Research, 2(4), 223–235.
Patil, K. R., Mahajan, U. B., Unger, B. S., Goyal, S. N., Belemkar, S., Surana, S. J., Ojha, S., & Patil, C. R. (2019). Animal Models of Inflammation for Screening of Anti-Inflammatory Drugs: Implications for The Discovery and Development of Phytopharmaceuticals. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 20(18), 4367.
Rachmaniar, R., Warya, S., Ferdiansyah, R., Riasari, H., & Gumelar, A. (2020). Pharmaceutical Cocrystal of Ethyl p-Methoxycinnamate: Formulation and Characterization. Advances in Health Sciences Research, 26, 96–101.
Rani, K. C., Parfati, N., & Prasetya, P. E. (2017). Pengaruh Komposisi Campuran Fisik Crospovidone-Sodium Starch Glycolate (1:1, 1:2, dan 1:3) Terhadap Karakteristik Fisikokimia Sediaan Tablet Orodispersible Atenolol. Media Pharmaceutica Indonesiana, 1, 127–135.
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Authors
Latifani, S., Fitriani, A. nur, Paniroy, Maesayani, K. S., Freddy, J., & Adianingsih, O. R. (2024). Enhanced Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Kaempferia galanga Extract by Solid Self-Nanoemulsifying Drug Delivery System and Its Development in Fast Disintegrating Tablet. Science and Technology Indonesia, 9(4), 840–850. https://doi.org/10.26554/sti.2024.9.4.840-850
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