Carbon Micron-size Content Dependency in Epoxy/Carbon Composite Coated onto SPCC Plate for Automotive Bodies Protection
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Keywords:
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Crystallographic Orientation, IR-Spectra, Film Properties, Hardness, Corrosion
Abstract
Conventional epoxy coating for surface metal corrosion protection reported many unsolved technical problems. Adding filler in the epoxy could enhance the promising properties of the composite coating. Our work describes in detail the synthesizing and characterizing epoxy/carbon composite coating. Epoxy was mixed with thinner high gloss (HG) and hardener and stirred using a stirrer apparatus. After blending, various carbons were added (1 wt. %, 3 wt. %, and 5 wt. %) and then appropriately stirred. The different mixture composite was coated onto the steel plate cold rolled coiled (SPCC) plate using high-volume low-pressure (HVLP) in two passes. Various characterizations were performed, including crystallographic orientation, Infra-Red (IR)-spectra, surface morphology, thickness, hydrophobicity, hardness, and corrosion using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), portable dry film coating thickness (DFT), digital camera, Vickers microhardness tester, and Potentiostat, respectively. More carbon micron-sized content led to elevate the peak intensity, surface bumpiness, and hydrophobicity. The uppermost external bumpiness and hydrophobicity values are 23.51 µm and 101◦. Hardness depends on carbon content and more carbon leads to an increase in the hardness of the composited coating. The highest average Vickers hardness value is 28.24 HV. The coating thickness influenced the corrosion rate, more coating thickness promoted lesser corrosion rate. The highest coating thickness (60.8 µm) promoted a corrosion rate of around 5.65×10−4 mmpy.
References
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Asemani, M., & Rabbani, A. R. (2020). Detailed FTIR Spectroscopy Characterization of Crude Oil Extracted Asphaltenes: Curve Resolve of Overlapping Bands. Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering, 185, 106618
Basha, S. I., Aziz, M. A., Ahmad, S., Al-Zahrani, M. M., Shameem, M., & Maslehuddin, M. (2022). Improvement of Concrete Durability Using Nanocomposite Coating Prepared by Mixing Epoxy Coating with Submicron/Nano-Carbon Obtained from Heavy Fuel Oil Ash. Construction and Building Materials, 325, 126812
Bibi, S., Sarfaraz, S., Yar, M., Zaman, M. I., Niaz, A., Khan, A., & Ayub, K. (2022). Structure and Electronic Characterization of Pristine and Functionalized Single Wall Carbon Nanotube Interacting with Sulfide Ion: A Density Functional Theory Approach. Journal of Molecular Liquids, 366, 120144
Bouhamed, A., Choura, S., & Kanoun, O. (2018). Impact of Surface Modification Via Plasma Treatment on the Response of Strain Sensor Based on MWCNTs/Epoxy Nanocomposite. In 2016 Nanotechnology for Instrumentation and Measurement (NANOfIM) (pp. 5–16)
Chen, S., Wang, X., Zhu, G., Lu, Z., Zhang, Y., Zhao, X., & Hou, B. (2021). Developing Multi-Wall Carbon Nanotubes/Fusion-Bonded Epoxy Powder Nanocomposite Coatings with Superior Anti-Corrosion and Mechanical Properties. Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects, 628, 127309
Cheng, X., Han, Q., Yue, B., Shi, M., & Yang, C. (2023). Self-Assembled Nano-Polymers Modified Water-Based Sizing Agent for Enhancing the Dual Interfacial Properties of Carbon Fibre/Epoxy Resin Composites. Composites Part B: Engineering, 262, 110828
Deyab, M. A., Hamdi, N., Lachkar, M., & Bali, B. E. (2018). Clay/Phosphate/Epoxy Nanocomposites for Enhanced Coating Activity Towards Corrosion Resistance. Progress in Organic Coatings, 123, 232–237
Duleba, B., Greskovic, F., Dulebová, L., & Jachowicz, T. (2015). Possibility of Increasing the Mechanical Strength of Carbon/Epoxy Composites by Addition of Carbon Nanotubes. Materials Science Forum, 818, 299–302
Edvardsen, L., Grandcolas, M., Lædre, S., Yang, J., Lange, T., Bjørge, R., & Gawel, K. (2021). Conductive Epoxy/Carbon Nanofiber Coatings for Scale Control. Surface and Coatings Technology, 425, 127694
Eskizeybek, V., Avcı, A., & Gülce, A. (2017). Preparation and Mechanical Properties of Carbon Nanotube Grafted Glass Fabric/Epoxy Multi-Scale Composites. Advanced Composite Materials, 26(2), 169–180
Farhadian, M., Raeissi, K., Golozar, M., Labbaf, S., Hajilou, T., & Barnoush, A. (2020). 3D-Focused Ion Beam Tomography and Quantitative Porosity Evaluation of ZrO₂-SiO₂ Composite Coating; Amorphous SiO₂ as a Porosity Tailoring Agent. Applied Surface Science, 511, 145567
Freshtegan, A., Talaie, M., Aghamiri, S., & Khosropour, A. (2016). Modifying Functionalized-Carbon-Nanotube Capacity to Enhance Water-Vapor Adsorption Capacity from Nitrogen Gas. Gas Processing Journal, 4(2), 79–88
Haddadi, S., Ramazani, S., Mahdavian, M., Taheri, P., & Mol, J. (2019). Mechanical and Corrosion Protection Properties of a Smart Composite Epoxy Coating with Dual-Encapsulated Epoxy/Polyamine in Carbon Nanospheres. Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, 58(8), 3033–3046
Hassan, H., Attia, L., & Dakroury, G. (2020). Exploration of the Parameters Affecting the Radioactive Europium Removal from Aqueous Solutions by Activated Carbon-Epoxy Composite. Applied Radiation and Isotopes, 164, 109278
Jin, F., Li, X., & Park, S. (2015). Synthesis and Application of Epoxy Resins: A Review. Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, 29, 1–11
Khun, N., Troconis, B., & Frankel, G. (2014). Effects of Carbon Nanotube Content on Adhesion Strength and Wear and Corrosion Resistance of Epoxy Composite Coatings on AA2024-T3. Progress in Organic Coatings, 77(1), 72–80
Knoll, J., Riecken, B., Kosmann, N., Chandrasekaran, S., Schulte, K., & Fiedler, B. (2014). The Effect of Carbon Nanoparticles on the Fatigue Performance of Carbon Fibre Reinforced Epoxy. Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing, 67, 233–240
Kurniawan, O., & Soegijono, B. (2020). Preparation and Characterization of Polyurethane/Carbon/Organoclay Composite for Coating of Aluminum Conductor Overhead Lines. E-Journal of Surface Science and Nanotechnology, 18, 62–69
Li, S., Du, F., Lin, Y., Guan, Y., Qu, W. J., Cheng, J., & Wang, D. (2022). Excellent Anti-Corrosion Performance of Epoxy Composite Coatings Filled with Novel N-Doped Carbon Nanodots. European Polymer Journal, 163, 110957
Liang, W. J., Zhao, B., Zhang, C. Y., Jian, R. K., Liu, D. Y., & Liu, Y. Q. (2017). Enhanced Flame Retardancy of DGEBA Epoxy Resin with a Novel Bisphenol-A Bridged Cyclotriphosphazene. Polymer Degradation and Stability, 144, 292–303
Lin, C. H., & Lee, J. R. (2019). Characterization of SPCC Steel Stress Behaviour in Brine Water Environment. International Journal of Electrochemical Science, 14(3), 2321–2332
Lin, C. H., Lee, J. R., Sheu, H. H., & Tsai, S. Y. (2017). Corrosion Resistance and Mechanical Property Enhancement of SPCC Steel Using an Induction Heat Treatment. International Journal of Electrochemical Science, 12(9), 7965–7976
Luangkularb, S., Prombanpong, S., & Tangwarodomnukun, V. (2014). Material Consumption and Dry Film Thickness in Spray Coating Process. Procedia CIRP, 17, 789–794
Ma, Z., Ouyang, B., & Zuo, X. (2024). Study on Plasma Modified Silica Powder Epoxy Resin Composites. Journal of Adhesion Science and Technology, 1–19
Maron, G. K., Noremberg, B. S., Alano, J. H., Pereira, F. R., Deon, V. G., Santos, R. C. R., & Carreno, N. L. V. (2018). Carbon Fiber/Epoxy Composites: Effect of Zinc Sulphide Coated Carbon Nanotube on Thermal and Mechanical Properties. Polymer Bulletin, 75(4), 1619–1633
Mateab, S. H., & Albozahid, M. (2022). Study the Effect of Adding MWCNTs on the Hardness, Impact Strength, and Structural Properties of Composite Materials Based on Epoxy Polymer. Egyptian Journal of Chemistry, 65(3), 147-152
Merneedi, A., L. Natrayan, S. Kaliappan, D. Veeman, S. Angalaeswari, C. Srinivas, and P. Paramasivam (2021). Experimental Investigation on Mechanical Properties of Carbon Nanotube-Reinforced Epoxy Composites for Automobile Application. Journal of Nanomaterials, 2021(1); 4937059
Mora, A. S., R. Tayouo, B. Boutevin, G. David, and S. Caillol (2020). A Perspective Approach on the Amine Reactivity and the Hydrogen Bonds Effect on Epoxy-Amine Systems. European Polymer Journal, 123; 109460
Netkueakul, W., D. Korejwo, T. Hammer, S. Chortarea, P. Rupper, O. Braun, and J. Wang (2020). Release of Graphene-Related Materials from Epoxy-Based Composites: Characterization, Quantification and Hazard Assessment: In Vitro. Nanoscale, 12(19); 10703–10722
Qi, Z., Y. Tan, H. Wang, T. Xu, L. Wang, and C. Xiao (2017). Effects of Noncovalently Functionalized Multiwalled Carbon Nanotube with Hyperbranched Polyesters on Mechanical Properties of Epoxy Composites. Polymer Testing, 64; 38–47
Qu, C. B., Y. Huang, F. Li, H. M. Xiao, Y. Liu, Q. P. Feng, and S. Y. Fu (2020). Enhanced Cryogenic Mechanical Properties of Carbon Fiber Reinforced Epoxy Composites by Introducing Graphene Oxide. Composites Communications, 22; 100480
Rwawiire, S., A. Kasedde, I. Nibikora, and G. Wandera (2014). Prediction of Polyester/Cotton Ring Spun Yarn Unevenness Using Adaptive Neuro Fuzzy Inference System. Journal of Textile and Apparel, Technology and Management, 8(4); 1–12
Sakib, M. N., and A. A. Iqbal (2021). Epoxy Based Nanocomposite Material for Automotive Application - A Short Review. International Journal of Automotive and Mechanical Engineering, 18(3); 9127–9140
Salam, H., Y. Dong, I. J. Davies, and A. Pramanik (2016). The Effects of Material Formulation and Manufacturing Process on Mechanical and Thermal Properties of Epoxy/Clay Nanocomposites. International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, 87(5–8); 1999–2012
Shadravan, A., B. Hughes, M. Ghasemi, and M. Alfi (2015). Zonal Isolation in Geothermal Wells. Fortieth Workshop on Geothermal Reservoir Engineering, January; 25–26
Sheth, D., S. Maiti, S. Patel, J. Kandasamy, M. R. Chandan, and A. Rahaman (2020). Enhancement of Mechanical Properties of Carbon Fiber Reinforced Epoxy Matrix Laminated Composites with Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes. Fullerenes Nanotubes and Carbon Nanostructures, 29(4); 288–294
Soares-Pozzi, A. C., and D. Dibbern-Brunelli (2016). Study of the Influence of Saline Solutions in Carbon/Epoxy Composite by Luminescence, Raman and UATR/FT-IR Spectroscopy. Journal of Materials Science, 51(20); 9342–9355
Sudha, G. S., H. Kalita, S. Mohanty, and S. K. Nayak (2017). Biobased Epoxy/Carbon Fiber Composites: Effect on Mechanical, Thermo-Mechanical and Morphological Properties. Journal of Macromolecular Science, Part A: Pure and Applied Chemistry, 54(10); 756–764
Susetyo, F. B., B. Soegijono, and Yusmaniar (2021). Effect of a Constant Magnet Position and Intensity on a Copper Layer Obtained by DC Electrodeposition. International Journal of Corrosion and Scale Inhibition, 10(2); 766–782
Vaßen, R., C. Made, E. Bakan, C. Gatzen, S. Kim, D. E. Mack, and O. Guillon (2019). Environmental Barrier Coatings Made by Different Thermal Spray Technologies. Coatings, 9(12); 784
Wang, P. N., T. H. Hsieh, C. L. Chiang, and M. Y. Shen (2015). Synergetic Effects of Mechanical Properties on Graphene Nanoplatelet and Multiwalled Carbon Nanotube Hybrids Reinforced Epoxy/Carbon Fiber Composites. Journal of Nanomaterials; 1–9
Weng, M., Z. X. Huang, Q. W. Yuan, Z. H. Liu, and J. P. Qu (2024). Ultrawide Sensing-Range, Super Durable and High-Strength Epoxy/Carbon Fiber Composites Sensor Based on Stress-Induced Structure. Composites Science and Technology, 250; 110522
Xia, Z., L. Shuan, and H. Baorong (2014). A Comparative Study of Neat Epoxy Coating and Nano ZrO2/Epoxy Coating for Corrosion Protection on Carbon Steel. Applied Mechanics and Materials, 599–601; 3–6
Xu, Y., X. Sun, R. Shen, Z. Wang, and Q. Wang (2020). Thermal Behavior and Smoke Characteristics of Glass/Epoxy Laminate and Its Foam Core Sandwich Composite. Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry, 141(3); 1173–1182
Zhang, L., W. Zhang, Y. Peng, W. Wang, and J. Cao (2022). Thermal Behavior and Flame Retardancy of Poplar Wood Impregnated with Furfuryl Alcohol Catalyzed by Boron/Phosphorus Compound System. Industrial Crops and Products, 176; 114361
Zuo, Y., Z. Yao, H. Lin, J. Zhou, X. Guo, and H. Cai (2019). Synthesis and Characterization of Carbonyl Iron@Epoxy Core–Shell Microspheres for Enhanced Microwave Absorption Performance. Journal of Materials Science, 54(18); 11827–11840
Al-Zu’bi, M., Anguilano, L., & Fan, M. (2023). Effect of Incorporating Carbon- and Silicon-Based Nanomaterials on the Physico-Chemical Properties of a Structural Epoxy Adhesive. Polymer Testing, 128, 108221
Almansoori, N., Aldulaijan, S., Althani, S., Hassan, N. M., Ndiaye, M., & Awad, M. (2021). Manual Spray Painting Process Optimization Using Taguchi Robust Design. International Journal of Quality and Reliability Management, 38(1), 46–67
Asemani, M., & Rabbani, A. R. (2020). Detailed FTIR Spectroscopy Characterization of Crude Oil Extracted Asphaltenes: Curve Resolve of Overlapping Bands. Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering, 185, 106618
Basha, S. I., Aziz, M. A., Ahmad, S., Al-Zahrani, M. M., Shameem, M., & Maslehuddin, M. (2022). Improvement of Concrete Durability Using Nanocomposite Coating Prepared by Mixing Epoxy Coating with Submicron/Nano-Carbon Obtained from Heavy Fuel Oil Ash. Construction and Building Materials, 325, 126812
Bibi, S., Sarfaraz, S., Yar, M., Zaman, M. I., Niaz, A., Khan, A., & Ayub, K. (2022). Structure and Electronic Characterization of Pristine and Functionalized Single Wall Carbon Nanotube Interacting with Sulfide Ion: A Density Functional Theory Approach. Journal of Molecular Liquids, 366, 120144
Bouhamed, A., Choura, S., & Kanoun, O. (2018). Impact of Surface Modification Via Plasma Treatment on the Response of Strain Sensor Based on MWCNTs/Epoxy Nanocomposite. In 2016 Nanotechnology for Instrumentation and Measurement (NANOfIM) (pp. 5–16)
Chen, S., Wang, X., Zhu, G., Lu, Z., Zhang, Y., Zhao, X., & Hou, B. (2021). Developing Multi-Wall Carbon Nanotubes/Fusion-Bonded Epoxy Powder Nanocomposite Coatings with Superior Anti-Corrosion and Mechanical Properties. Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects, 628, 127309
Cheng, X., Han, Q., Yue, B., Shi, M., & Yang, C. (2023). Self-Assembled Nano-Polymers Modified Water-Based Sizing Agent for Enhancing the Dual Interfacial Properties of Carbon Fibre/Epoxy Resin Composites. Composites Part B: Engineering, 262, 110828
Deyab, M. A., Hamdi, N., Lachkar, M., & Bali, B. E. (2018). Clay/Phosphate/Epoxy Nanocomposites for Enhanced Coating Activity Towards Corrosion Resistance. Progress in Organic Coatings, 123, 232–237
Duleba, B., Greskovic, F., Dulebová, L., & Jachowicz, T. (2015). Possibility of Increasing the Mechanical Strength of Carbon/Epoxy Composites by Addition of Carbon Nanotubes. Materials Science Forum, 818, 299–302
Edvardsen, L., Grandcolas, M., Lædre, S., Yang, J., Lange, T., Bjørge, R., & Gawel, K. (2021). Conductive Epoxy/Carbon Nanofiber Coatings for Scale Control. Surface and Coatings Technology, 425, 127694
Eskizeybek, V., Avcı, A., & Gülce, A. (2017). Preparation and Mechanical Properties of Carbon Nanotube Grafted Glass Fabric/Epoxy Multi-Scale Composites. Advanced Composite Materials, 26(2), 169–180
Farhadian, M., Raeissi, K., Golozar, M., Labbaf, S., Hajilou, T., & Barnoush, A. (2020). 3D-Focused Ion Beam Tomography and Quantitative Porosity Evaluation of ZrO₂-SiO₂ Composite Coating; Amorphous SiO₂ as a Porosity Tailoring Agent. Applied Surface Science, 511, 145567
Freshtegan, A., Talaie, M., Aghamiri, S., & Khosropour, A. (2016). Modifying Functionalized-Carbon-Nanotube Capacity to Enhance Water-Vapor Adsorption Capacity from Nitrogen Gas. Gas Processing Journal, 4(2), 79–88
Haddadi, S., Ramazani, S., Mahdavian, M., Taheri, P., & Mol, J. (2019). Mechanical and Corrosion Protection Properties of a Smart Composite Epoxy Coating with Dual-Encapsulated Epoxy/Polyamine in Carbon Nanospheres. Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, 58(8), 3033–3046
Hassan, H., Attia, L., & Dakroury, G. (2020). Exploration of the Parameters Affecting the Radioactive Europium Removal from Aqueous Solutions by Activated Carbon-Epoxy Composite. Applied Radiation and Isotopes, 164, 109278
Jin, F., Li, X., & Park, S. (2015). Synthesis and Application of Epoxy Resins: A Review. Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, 29, 1–11
Khun, N., Troconis, B., & Frankel, G. (2014). Effects of Carbon Nanotube Content on Adhesion Strength and Wear and Corrosion Resistance of Epoxy Composite Coatings on AA2024-T3. Progress in Organic Coatings, 77(1), 72–80
Knoll, J., Riecken, B., Kosmann, N., Chandrasekaran, S., Schulte, K., & Fiedler, B. (2014). The Effect of Carbon Nanoparticles on the Fatigue Performance of Carbon Fibre Reinforced Epoxy. Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing, 67, 233–240
Kurniawan, O., & Soegijono, B. (2020). Preparation and Characterization of Polyurethane/Carbon/Organoclay Composite for Coating of Aluminum Conductor Overhead Lines. E-Journal of Surface Science and Nanotechnology, 18, 62–69
Li, S., Du, F., Lin, Y., Guan, Y., Qu, W. J., Cheng, J., & Wang, D. (2022). Excellent Anti-Corrosion Performance of Epoxy Composite Coatings Filled with Novel N-Doped Carbon Nanodots. European Polymer Journal, 163, 110957
Liang, W. J., Zhao, B., Zhang, C. Y., Jian, R. K., Liu, D. Y., & Liu, Y. Q. (2017). Enhanced Flame Retardancy of DGEBA Epoxy Resin with a Novel Bisphenol-A Bridged Cyclotriphosphazene. Polymer Degradation and Stability, 144, 292–303
Lin, C. H., & Lee, J. R. (2019). Characterization of SPCC Steel Stress Behaviour in Brine Water Environment. International Journal of Electrochemical Science, 14(3), 2321–2332
Lin, C. H., Lee, J. R., Sheu, H. H., & Tsai, S. Y. (2017). Corrosion Resistance and Mechanical Property Enhancement of SPCC Steel Using an Induction Heat Treatment. International Journal of Electrochemical Science, 12(9), 7965–7976
Luangkularb, S., Prombanpong, S., & Tangwarodomnukun, V. (2014). Material Consumption and Dry Film Thickness in Spray Coating Process. Procedia CIRP, 17, 789–794
Ma, Z., Ouyang, B., & Zuo, X. (2024). Study on Plasma Modified Silica Powder Epoxy Resin Composites. Journal of Adhesion Science and Technology, 1–19
Maron, G. K., Noremberg, B. S., Alano, J. H., Pereira, F. R., Deon, V. G., Santos, R. C. R., & Carreno, N. L. V. (2018). Carbon Fiber/Epoxy Composites: Effect of Zinc Sulphide Coated Carbon Nanotube on Thermal and Mechanical Properties. Polymer Bulletin, 75(4), 1619–1633
Mateab, S. H., & Albozahid, M. (2022). Study the Effect of Adding MWCNTs on the Hardness, Impact Strength, and Structural Properties of Composite Materials Based on Epoxy Polymer. Egyptian Journal of Chemistry, 65(3), 147-152
Merneedi, A., L. Natrayan, S. Kaliappan, D. Veeman, S. Angalaeswari, C. Srinivas, and P. Paramasivam (2021). Experimental Investigation on Mechanical Properties of Carbon Nanotube-Reinforced Epoxy Composites for Automobile Application. Journal of Nanomaterials, 2021(1); 4937059
Mora, A. S., R. Tayouo, B. Boutevin, G. David, and S. Caillol (2020). A Perspective Approach on the Amine Reactivity and the Hydrogen Bonds Effect on Epoxy-Amine Systems. European Polymer Journal, 123; 109460
Netkueakul, W., D. Korejwo, T. Hammer, S. Chortarea, P. Rupper, O. Braun, and J. Wang (2020). Release of Graphene-Related Materials from Epoxy-Based Composites: Characterization, Quantification and Hazard Assessment: In Vitro. Nanoscale, 12(19); 10703–10722
Qi, Z., Y. Tan, H. Wang, T. Xu, L. Wang, and C. Xiao (2017). Effects of Noncovalently Functionalized Multiwalled Carbon Nanotube with Hyperbranched Polyesters on Mechanical Properties of Epoxy Composites. Polymer Testing, 64; 38–47
Qu, C. B., Y. Huang, F. Li, H. M. Xiao, Y. Liu, Q. P. Feng, and S. Y. Fu (2020). Enhanced Cryogenic Mechanical Properties of Carbon Fiber Reinforced Epoxy Composites by Introducing Graphene Oxide. Composites Communications, 22; 100480
Rwawiire, S., A. Kasedde, I. Nibikora, and G. Wandera (2014). Prediction of Polyester/Cotton Ring Spun Yarn Unevenness Using Adaptive Neuro Fuzzy Inference System. Journal of Textile and Apparel, Technology and Management, 8(4); 1–12
Sakib, M. N., and A. A. Iqbal (2021). Epoxy Based Nanocomposite Material for Automotive Application - A Short Review. International Journal of Automotive and Mechanical Engineering, 18(3); 9127–9140
Salam, H., Y. Dong, I. J. Davies, and A. Pramanik (2016). The Effects of Material Formulation and Manufacturing Process on Mechanical and Thermal Properties of Epoxy/Clay Nanocomposites. International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, 87(5–8); 1999–2012
Shadravan, A., B. Hughes, M. Ghasemi, and M. Alfi (2015). Zonal Isolation in Geothermal Wells. Fortieth Workshop on Geothermal Reservoir Engineering, January; 25–26
Sheth, D., S. Maiti, S. Patel, J. Kandasamy, M. R. Chandan, and A. Rahaman (2020). Enhancement of Mechanical Properties of Carbon Fiber Reinforced Epoxy Matrix Laminated Composites with Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes. Fullerenes Nanotubes and Carbon Nanostructures, 29(4); 288–294
Soares-Pozzi, A. C., and D. Dibbern-Brunelli (2016). Study of the Influence of Saline Solutions in Carbon/Epoxy Composite by Luminescence, Raman and UATR/FT-IR Spectroscopy. Journal of Materials Science, 51(20); 9342–9355
Sudha, G. S., H. Kalita, S. Mohanty, and S. K. Nayak (2017). Biobased Epoxy/Carbon Fiber Composites: Effect on Mechanical, Thermo-Mechanical and Morphological Properties. Journal of Macromolecular Science, Part A: Pure and Applied Chemistry, 54(10); 756–764
Susetyo, F. B., B. Soegijono, and Yusmaniar (2021). Effect of a Constant Magnet Position and Intensity on a Copper Layer Obtained by DC Electrodeposition. International Journal of Corrosion and Scale Inhibition, 10(2); 766–782
Vaßen, R., C. Made, E. Bakan, C. Gatzen, S. Kim, D. E. Mack, and O. Guillon (2019). Environmental Barrier Coatings Made by Different Thermal Spray Technologies. Coatings, 9(12); 784
Wang, P. N., T. H. Hsieh, C. L. Chiang, and M. Y. Shen (2015). Synergetic Effects of Mechanical Properties on Graphene Nanoplatelet and Multiwalled Carbon Nanotube Hybrids Reinforced Epoxy/Carbon Fiber Composites. Journal of Nanomaterials; 1–9
Weng, M., Z. X. Huang, Q. W. Yuan, Z. H. Liu, and J. P. Qu (2024). Ultrawide Sensing-Range, Super Durable and High-Strength Epoxy/Carbon Fiber Composites Sensor Based on Stress-Induced Structure. Composites Science and Technology, 250; 110522
Xia, Z., L. Shuan, and H. Baorong (2014). A Comparative Study of Neat Epoxy Coating and Nano ZrO2/Epoxy Coating for Corrosion Protection on Carbon Steel. Applied Mechanics and Materials, 599–601; 3–6
Xu, Y., X. Sun, R. Shen, Z. Wang, and Q. Wang (2020). Thermal Behavior and Smoke Characteristics of Glass/Epoxy Laminate and Its Foam Core Sandwich Composite. Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry, 141(3); 1173–1182
Zhang, L., W. Zhang, Y. Peng, W. Wang, and J. Cao (2022). Thermal Behavior and Flame Retardancy of Poplar Wood Impregnated with Furfuryl Alcohol Catalyzed by Boron/Phosphorus Compound System. Industrial Crops and Products, 176; 114361
Zuo, Y., Z. Yao, H. Lin, J. Zhou, X. Guo, and H. Cai (2019). Synthesis and Characterization of Carbonyl Iron@Epoxy Core–Shell Microspheres for Enhanced Microwave Absorption Performance. Journal of Materials Science, 54(18); 11827–11840
Authors
Anggrainy, R., Susetyo, F. B., Lubi, A. ., Yudanto, S. D. ., Rosyidan, C. ., Soegijono, B. ., Ajiriyanto, M. K. ., Kurniawan, O., & Nanto, D. (2024). Carbon Micron-size Content Dependency in Epoxy/Carbon Composite Coated onto SPCC Plate for Automotive Bodies Protection. Science and Technology Indonesia, 9(4), 989–998. https://doi.org/10.26554/sti.2024.9.4.989-998
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