Formulation and In Vivo Study of A Liquid Crystal Containing Propolis Extract For Wound Healing Treatment
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Keywords:
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Liquid Crystalline System, Propolis Extract, Wound Healing, Lipid-Based Delivery Topical Formulation
Abstract
Impaired wound healing remains a major clinical challenge, necessitating the development of effective and biocompatible topical therapies. This study aimed to develop and evaluate a lipid-based liquid crystalline propolis extract (LCPE) cream for wound-healing applications. Propolis was extracted with 70% ethanol using ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE), yielding 21.21% extract with a total phenolic content of 249.6 ± 20.8 mg GAE/g and antioxidant activity (IC₅₀) of 504 ± 12 ppm. LC–MS/MS analysis the identified major bioactive compounds was mangostin. Liquid crystalline cream bases were optimized using a one-factor-at-a-time (OFAT) approach with varying concentrations of cetostearyl alcohol. The formula demonstrated suitable pH (5.4–5.8), viscosity (10,402–40,742 cps), spreadability, adhesiveness, and physical stability. Polarized light microscopy (PLM) confirmed the formation of anisotropic liquid crystalline structures, while DSC analysis indicated successful incorporation and thermal compatibility of the extract within the system. In vivo wound-healing evaluation using a rabbit excisional wound model demonstrated that LCPE significantly accelerated wound closure and reduced inflammation compared to untreated control group. Among the tested concentrations (1%, 2.5%, and 5%), LCPE 2.5% exhibited the most effective healing performance, as evidenced by faster wound closure and lower REEDA scores. In conclusion, LCPE represents a stable, skin-compatible, and promising topical delivery system for wound healing.
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Authors
Nareswari, T. L., Anastasya, H. C., Adliani, N., Sarmoko, Fahmi, A. G., & Khairurrijal, K. (2026). Formulation and In Vivo Study of A Liquid Crystal Containing Propolis Extract For Wound Healing Treatment. Science and Technology Indonesia, 11(4), 1371–1386. https://doi.org/10.26554/sti.2026.11.4.1371-1386
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