Electrospun Rare-Earth Metal Oxide (CeO2 ) Nanofiber for the Degradation of Congo Red Aqueous Dyes
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Keywords:
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Wastewater Treatment, Cerium Oxide, Electrospinning, Calcination, Photocatalyst
Abstract
The persistent presence of organic dyes like Congo Red (CR) in wastewater poses a significant environmental challenge. In this study, CeO2 nanofibers (CeO2-NF) were successfully synthesized via electrospinning followed by calcination as potential photocatalysts for the degradation of CR pollutants in aqueous solutions. The synthesized nanofibers were characterized using field emission scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy (FESEM-EDS) for morphological and elemental analyses, X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) for crystalline structure, and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy for molecular properties. Photocatalytic degradation experiments were conducted under UVC light irradiation, with the CeO2-NF1, CeO2-NF2, and CeO2-NF3 samples achieving CR degradation percentages of 95.6%, 96.9%, and 95.2%, respectively, after 130 minutes of reaction time. Kinetic analysis revealed that the photocatalytic degradation followed pseudo-first-order kinetics, with rate constants of 0.020 min-1, 0.024 min-1, and 0.025 min-1 for CeO2-NF1, CeO2-NF2, and CeO2-NF3, respectively, highlighting the superior performance of CeO2-NF3. These results indicate that CeO2NF could serve as an effective material for the photocatalytic degradation of organic dyes, offering a promising approach for wastewater treatment applications.
References
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Mohadi, R., Z. Hanafiah, H. Hermansyah, and H. Zulkifli (2017). Adsorption of Procion Red and Congo Red Dyes Using Microalgae Spirulina sp. Science and Technology Indonesia, 2(4); 102–104
Mondal, K., and A. Sharma (2016). Recent Advances in Electrospun Metal-Oxide Nanofiber Based Interfaces for Electrochemical Biosensing. RSC Advances, 6(97); 94595–94616
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Mylarappa, M., S. Chandruvasan, K. S. Harisha, and K. N. Shravana Kumara (2024). Ajwain Honey Loaded CeO2 Nanocomposite for Antioxidant, Chemical Sensors and Photocatalysis Studies. Kuwait Journal of Science, 51(1); 100145
Oladoye, P. O., M. O. Bamigboye, O. D. Ogunbiyi, and M. T. Akano (2022). Toxicity and Decontamination Strategies of Congo Red Dye. Groundwater for Sustainable Development, 19; 100844
Pandey, V. K., G. Ajmal, S. N. Upadhyay, and P. K. Mishra (2020). Nano-Fibrous Scaffold with Curcumin for Anti-Scar Wound Healing. International Journal of Pharmaceutics, 589; 119858
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Rianjanu, A., K. D. P. Marpaung, C. Siburian, S. A. Muhtar, N. I. Khamidy, J. Widakdo, and T. Taher (2024b). Enhancement of Photocatalytic Activity of CeO2 Nanorods Through Lanthanum Doping (La-CeO2) for the Degradation of Congo Red Dyes. Results in Engineering, 23; 102748
Rianjanu, A., A. S. P. Mustamin, E. K. A. Melati, R. Aflaha, N. I. Khamidy, M. Utami, and T. Taher (2024c). Photocatalytic Degradation of Aqueous Congo Red Dye Pollutants by Rare-Earth Metal Oxide (CeO2) Nanorods. Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects, 682; 132919
Rianjanu, A., R. Nuraeni, R. Aflaha, N. I. Khamidy, K. Triyana, and T. Taher (2024d). Effect of Calcination Temperature on the Performance of Hydrothermally Grown Cerium Dioxide (CeO2) Nanorods for the Removal of Congo Red Dyes. Greensusmater, 1(1); 9–14
Sriram, G., A. Bendre, E. Mariappan, T. Altalhi, M. Kigga, Y. C. Ching, and M. Kurkuri (2022). Recent Trends in the Application of Metal-Organic Frameworks (MOFs) for the Removal of Toxic Dyes and Their Removal Mechanism-a Review. Sustainable Materials and Technologies, 31; e00378
Srivastava, A., R. M. Rani, D. S. Patle, and S. Kumar (2022). Emerging Bioremediation Technologies for the Treatment of Textile Wastewater Containing Synthetic Dyes: A Comprehensive Review. Journal of Chemical Technology & Biotechnology, 97(1); 26–41
Sukowati, R., Y. M. Rohman, B. H. Agung, D. A. Hapidin, H. Damayanti, and K. Khairurrijal (2023). An Investigation of the Influence of Nanofibers Morphology on the Performance of QCM-Based Ethanol Vapor Sensor Utilizing Polyvinylpyrrolidone Nanofibers Active Layer. Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical, 386; 133708
Tang, X., R. Tang, S. Xiong, J. Zheng, L. Li, Z. Zhou, and C. Liao (2022). Application of Natural Minerals in Photocatalytic Degradation of Organic Pollutants: A Review. Science of The Total Environment, 812; 152434
Thakare, Y., S. Kore, I. Sharma, and M. Shah (2022). A Comprehensive Review on Sustainable Greener Nanoparticles for Efficient Dye Degradation. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 29(37); 55415–55436
Tkaczyk, A., K. Mitrowska, and A. Posyniak (2020). Synthetic Organic Dyes as Contaminants of the Aquatic Environment and Their Implications for Ecosystems: A Review. Science of The Total Environment, 717; 137222
Yaipimai, W., N. Subjalearndee, G. Tumcharern, and V. Intasanta (2015). Multifunctional Metal and Metal Oxide Hybrid Nanomaterials for Solar Light Photocatalyst and Antibacterial Applications. Journal of Materials Science, 50(23); 7681–7697
Yan, B. and H. Zhu (2008). Controlled Synthesis of CeO2 Nanoparticles Using Novel Amphiphilic Cerium Complex Precursors. Journal of Nanoparticle Research, 10(4); 719–726
Yanalak, G., A. Aljabour, E. Aslan, F. Ozel, and I. H. Patir (2018). A Systematic Comparative Study of the Efficient Co-Catalyst-Free Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution by Transition Metal Oxide Nanofibers. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 43(36); 17185–17194
Yang, F., X. Yu, Z. Liu, K. Wang, Q. Ji, Y. Chen, and B. Yao (2022). Photocatalytic Degradation Activity and Pathways of Moxifloxacin Over Metal Ion-Doped Bi2O3 Nanofibres Prepared Via Electrospinning. Applied Surface Science, 575; 151757
Yang, X., Y. Liu, J. Li, and Y. Zhang (2019). Effects of Calcination Temperature on Morphology and Structure of CeO2 Nanofibers and Their Photocatalytic Activity. Materials Letters, 241; 76–79
Zhang, Q., X. Chen, H. Wang, X. Bai, X. Deng, Q. Yao, and S. Li (2020). Controllable Synthesis of Peapod-Like TiO2@GO@C Electrospun Nanofiber Membranes with Enhanced Mechanical Properties and Photocatalytic Degradation Abilities Towards Methylene Blue. New Journal of Chemistry, 44(9); 3755–3763
Zhao, W., M. Adeel, P. Zhang, P. Zhou, L. Huang, Y. Zhao, and Y. Rui (2022). A Critical Review on Surface-Modified Nano-Catalyst Application for the Photocatalytic Degradation of Volatile Organic Compounds. Environmental Science: Nano, 9(1); 61–80
Almafie, M. R., R. Dani, R. Riyanto, L. Marlina, J. Jauhari, and I. Sriyanti (2024). Preparation of PAN/PVDF Nanofiber Mats Loaded with Coconut Shell Activated Carbon and Silicon Dioxide for Lithium-Ion Battery Anodes. Science and Technology Indonesia, 9(2); 427–447
Anandkumar, M., G. Vinothkumar, and K. Suresh Babu (2017). Synergistic Effect of Gold Supported on Redox Active Cerium Oxide Nanoparticles for the Catalytic Hydrogenation of 4-Nitrophenol. New Journal of Chemistry, 41(14); 6720–6729
Cam, T. S., S. O. Omarov, M. I. Chebanenko, S. G. Izotova, and V. I. Popkov (2022). Recent Progress in the Synthesis of CeO2-Based Nanocatalysts Towards Efficient Oxidation of CO. Journal of Science: Advanced Materials and Devices, 7(1); 100399
Chouchane, T., M. T. Abedghars, S. Chouchane, and A. Boukari (2024). Improvement of the Sorption Capacity of Methylene Blue Dye Using Slag, a Steel By Product. Kuwait Journal of Science, 51(2); 100210
Dutta, S., B. Gupta, S. K. Srivastava, and A. K. Gupta (2021). Recent Advances on the Removal of Dyes from Wastewater Using Various Adsorbents: A Critical Review. Materials Advances, 2(14); 4497–4531
Fauzi, A. A., A. A. Jalil, N. S. Hassan, F. F. A. Aziz, M. S. Azami, I. Hussain, and D.-V. N. Vo (2022). A Critical Review on Relationship of CeO2-Based Photocatalyst Towards Mechanistic Degradation of Organic Pollutant. Chemosphere, 286; 131651
Fried, R., I. Oprea, K. Fleck, and F. Rudroff (2022). Biogenic Colourants in the Textile Industry – A Promising and Sustainable Alternative to Synthetic Dyes. Green Chemistry, 24(1); 13–35
Hasanah, M., A. Wijaya, F. S. Arsyad, R. Mohadi, and A. Lesbani (2022). Preparation of Hydrochar from Salacca Zalacca Peels by Hydrothermal Carbonization: Study of Adsorption on Congo Red Dyes and Regeneration Ability. Science and Technology Indonesia, 7(3); 372–378
Huang, J., X. Liu, G. Chen, N. Zhang, R. Ma, and G. Qiu (2018). Selective Fabrication of Porous Iron Oxides Hollow Spheres and Nanofibers by Electrospinning for Photocatalytic Water Purification. Solid State Sciences, 82; 24–28
Jian, S., Z. Tian, J. Hu, K. Zhang, L. Zhang, G. Duan, and S. Jiang (2022). Enhanced Visible Light Photocatalytic Efficiency of La-Doped ZnO Nanofibers via Electrospinning-Calcination Technology. Advanced Powder Materials, 1(2); 100004
Krishnan, A., A. Swarnalal, D. Das, M. Krishnan, V. S. Saji, and S. M. A. Shibli (2024). A Review on Transition Metal Oxides Based Photocatalysts for Degradation of Synthetic Organic Pollutants. Journal of Environmental Sciences, 139; 389–417
Kumar, H., A. Giri, and A. Rai (2024). Photocatalytic Degradation of Naphthol Blue Black Dye Using Undoped and Al-Doped Cobalt Ferrite Nanoparticles. Kuwait Journal of Science, 51(2); 100208
Kusumawati, N., P. Setiarso, S. Muslim, Q. A. Hafidha, S. A. Cahyani, and F. F. Fachrirakarsie (2024). Optimization Thickness of Photoanode Layer and Membrane as Electrolyte Trapping Medium for Improvement Dye-Sensitized Solar Cell Performance. Science and Technology Indonesia, 9(1); 7–16
Liu, B., Z. Yan, T. Xu, C. Li, R. Gao, H. Hao, and J. Bai (2022). Co-Construction of Oxygen Vacancies and Heterojunctions on CeO2 via One-Step Fe Doping for Enhanced Photocatalytic Activity in Suzuki Reaction. Chemical Engineering Journal, 442; 136226
Liu, Y., H. Chen, J. Li, and P. Yang (2015). Morphology Adjustment of One Dimensional CeO2 Nanostructures via Calcination and Their Composite with Au Nanoparticles Towards Enhanced Catalysis. RSC Advances, 5(47); 37585–37591
Matussin, S. N., M. H. Harunsani, and M. M. Khan (2023). CeO2 and CeO2-Based Nanomaterials for Photocatalytic, Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activities. Journal of Rare Earths, 41(2); 167–181
Mohadi, R., Z. Hanafiah, H. Hermansyah, and H. Zulkifli (2017). Adsorption of Procion Red and Congo Red Dyes Using Microalgae Spirulina sp. Science and Technology Indonesia, 2(4); 102–104
Mondal, K., and A. Sharma (2016). Recent Advances in Electrospun Metal-Oxide Nanofiber Based Interfaces for Electrochemical Biosensing. RSC Advances, 6(97); 94595–94616
Montini, T., M. Melchionna, M. Monai, and P. Fornasiero (2016). Fundamentals and Catalytic Applications of CeO2-Based Materials. Chemical Reviews, 116(10); 5987–6041
Mylarappa, M., S. Chandruvasan, K. S. Harisha, and K. N. Shravana Kumara (2024). Ajwain Honey Loaded CeO2 Nanocomposite for Antioxidant, Chemical Sensors and Photocatalysis Studies. Kuwait Journal of Science, 51(1); 100145
Oladoye, P. O., M. O. Bamigboye, O. D. Ogunbiyi, and M. T. Akano (2022). Toxicity and Decontamination Strategies of Congo Red Dye. Groundwater for Sustainable Development, 19; 100844
Pandey, V. K., G. Ajmal, S. N. Upadhyay, and P. K. Mishra (2020). Nano-Fibrous Scaffold with Curcumin for Anti-Scar Wound Healing. International Journal of Pharmaceutics, 589; 119858
Rianjanu, A., K. D. P. Marpaung, E. K. A. Melati, R. Aflaha, Y. G. Wibowo, I. P. Mahendra, and T. Taher (2024a). Integrated Adsorption and Photocatalytic Removal of Methylene Blue Dye from Aqueous Solution by Hierarchical Nb2O5@PAN/PVDF/ANO Composite Nanofibers. Nano Materials Science, 6(1); 96–105
Rianjanu, A., K. D. P. Marpaung, C. Siburian, S. A. Muhtar, N. I. Khamidy, J. Widakdo, and T. Taher (2024b). Enhancement of Photocatalytic Activity of CeO2 Nanorods Through Lanthanum Doping (La-CeO2) for the Degradation of Congo Red Dyes. Results in Engineering, 23; 102748
Rianjanu, A., A. S. P. Mustamin, E. K. A. Melati, R. Aflaha, N. I. Khamidy, M. Utami, and T. Taher (2024c). Photocatalytic Degradation of Aqueous Congo Red Dye Pollutants by Rare-Earth Metal Oxide (CeO2) Nanorods. Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects, 682; 132919
Rianjanu, A., R. Nuraeni, R. Aflaha, N. I. Khamidy, K. Triyana, and T. Taher (2024d). Effect of Calcination Temperature on the Performance of Hydrothermally Grown Cerium Dioxide (CeO2) Nanorods for the Removal of Congo Red Dyes. Greensusmater, 1(1); 9–14
Sriram, G., A. Bendre, E. Mariappan, T. Altalhi, M. Kigga, Y. C. Ching, and M. Kurkuri (2022). Recent Trends in the Application of Metal-Organic Frameworks (MOFs) for the Removal of Toxic Dyes and Their Removal Mechanism-a Review. Sustainable Materials and Technologies, 31; e00378
Srivastava, A., R. M. Rani, D. S. Patle, and S. Kumar (2022). Emerging Bioremediation Technologies for the Treatment of Textile Wastewater Containing Synthetic Dyes: A Comprehensive Review. Journal of Chemical Technology & Biotechnology, 97(1); 26–41
Sukowati, R., Y. M. Rohman, B. H. Agung, D. A. Hapidin, H. Damayanti, and K. Khairurrijal (2023). An Investigation of the Influence of Nanofibers Morphology on the Performance of QCM-Based Ethanol Vapor Sensor Utilizing Polyvinylpyrrolidone Nanofibers Active Layer. Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical, 386; 133708
Tang, X., R. Tang, S. Xiong, J. Zheng, L. Li, Z. Zhou, and C. Liao (2022). Application of Natural Minerals in Photocatalytic Degradation of Organic Pollutants: A Review. Science of The Total Environment, 812; 152434
Thakare, Y., S. Kore, I. Sharma, and M. Shah (2022). A Comprehensive Review on Sustainable Greener Nanoparticles for Efficient Dye Degradation. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 29(37); 55415–55436
Tkaczyk, A., K. Mitrowska, and A. Posyniak (2020). Synthetic Organic Dyes as Contaminants of the Aquatic Environment and Their Implications for Ecosystems: A Review. Science of The Total Environment, 717; 137222
Yaipimai, W., N. Subjalearndee, G. Tumcharern, and V. Intasanta (2015). Multifunctional Metal and Metal Oxide Hybrid Nanomaterials for Solar Light Photocatalyst and Antibacterial Applications. Journal of Materials Science, 50(23); 7681–7697
Yan, B. and H. Zhu (2008). Controlled Synthesis of CeO2 Nanoparticles Using Novel Amphiphilic Cerium Complex Precursors. Journal of Nanoparticle Research, 10(4); 719–726
Yanalak, G., A. Aljabour, E. Aslan, F. Ozel, and I. H. Patir (2018). A Systematic Comparative Study of the Efficient Co-Catalyst-Free Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution by Transition Metal Oxide Nanofibers. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 43(36); 17185–17194
Yang, F., X. Yu, Z. Liu, K. Wang, Q. Ji, Y. Chen, and B. Yao (2022). Photocatalytic Degradation Activity and Pathways of Moxifloxacin Over Metal Ion-Doped Bi2O3 Nanofibres Prepared Via Electrospinning. Applied Surface Science, 575; 151757
Yang, X., Y. Liu, J. Li, and Y. Zhang (2019). Effects of Calcination Temperature on Morphology and Structure of CeO2 Nanofibers and Their Photocatalytic Activity. Materials Letters, 241; 76–79
Zhang, Q., X. Chen, H. Wang, X. Bai, X. Deng, Q. Yao, and S. Li (2020). Controllable Synthesis of Peapod-Like TiO2@GO@C Electrospun Nanofiber Membranes with Enhanced Mechanical Properties and Photocatalytic Degradation Abilities Towards Methylene Blue. New Journal of Chemistry, 44(9); 3755–3763
Zhao, W., M. Adeel, P. Zhang, P. Zhou, L. Huang, Y. Zhao, and Y. Rui (2022). A Critical Review on Surface-Modified Nano-Catalyst Application for the Photocatalytic Degradation of Volatile Organic Compounds. Environmental Science: Nano, 9(1); 61–80
Authors
Rianjanu, A., Haloho, T. ., Pasaribu, J. L. ., Fahmi, A. G. ., Nurfani , E. ., Sipahutar, W. S. ., Yudistira, H. T. ., & Taher, T. . (2025). Electrospun Rare-Earth Metal Oxide (CeO2 ) Nanofiber for the Degradation of Congo Red Aqueous Dyes. Science and Technology Indonesia, 10(1), 123–130. https://doi.org/10.26554/sti.2025.10.1.123-130
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