Mg/Al-chitosan as a Selective Adsorbent in The Removal of Methylene Blue from Aqueous Solutions
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Keywords:
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Adsorption, Selectivity, Methylene Blue, Regeneration
Abstract
The use of dyes in the textile industry is detrimental to aquatic biota and humans. Pollution caused by dye waste can be overcome by adsorption methods using adsorbents such as LDH. LDH is known as an adsorbent that is often found in the process of removing dye waste, but repeated use is not effective. This can be overcome by the LDH modification process using a supporting material such as chitosan. Modification of LDH can be done using coprecipitation or precipitation simultaneously at pH 10. XRD analysis where the peaks that appear in Mg/Al-chitosan are similar to the typical peaks of the constituent materials, namely Mg/Al and chitosan. This is confirmed by FTIR analysis where the spectrum that appears in Mg/Al-chitosan is similar to the spectrum in Mg/Al and chitosan. As well as BET analysis where there is an increase in the surface area of Mg/Al after being modified to Mg/Al-chitosan from 5.845 m2/g to 24.556 m2/g. In this study, the selectivity process for the dye mixture was carried out first with the most selective dye for the Mg/Al-chitosan adsorbent was methylene blue. Methylene blue was continued for adsorption processes such as isotherm adsorption kinetics and adsorption thermodynamics as well as adsorbent regeneration studies. The results showed that at 90 minutes the adsorption reached equilibrium. The adsorption capacity of Mg/Al increased after modification using chitosan from 84.746 mg/g to 108.696 mg/g. The adsorption process follows the Langmuir isotherm type where adsorption occurs chemically (monolayer). Regeneration studies show that Mg/Al-chitosan is an adsorbent that can be used repeatedly with stable adsorption effectiveness until the fifth cycle.
References
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Ge, H. and J. Du (2020). Selective Adsorption of Pb (II) and Hg (II) on Melamine Grafted Chitosan. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 162; 1880–1887 Hamzezadeh, A., Y. Rashtbari, S. Afshin, M. Morovati, and M. Vosoughi (2022). Application of Low Cost Material for Adsorption of Dye from Aqueous Solution. International Journal of Environmental Analytical Chemistry, 102(1); 254–269
Huang, Z., T. Wang, M. Shen, Z. Huang, Y. Chong, and L. Cui
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Juleanti, N., N. R. Palapa, T. Taher, N. Hidayati, B. I. Putri, and A. Lesbani (2021). The Capability of Biochar-Based CaAl and MgAl Composite Materials as Adsorbent for Re- moval Cr (VI) in Aqueous Solution. Science and Technology Indonesia, 6(3); 196–203
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Khalili, R., M. Ghaedi, M. Parvinnia, and M. M. Sabzehmei- dani (2021). Simultaneous Removal of Binary Mixture Dyes using Mn-Fe Layered Double Hydroxide Coated Chitosan Fibers Prepared by Wet Spinning. Surfaces and Interfaces, 23; 100976
Khuluk, R., A. Buhani, and Suharso (2019). Removal of Methylene Blue by Adsorption onto Activated Carbon from Coconut Shell (Cocous nucifera L.). Indonesian Journal of Sci- ence & Technology, 4(2); 229–240
Kulkarni, S. and J. Kaware (2014). Regeneration and Recovery in Adsorption. International Journal of Innovative Science, Engineering & Technology, 1(8); 61–64
Li, S., Y. Yang, S. Huang, Z. He, C. Li, D. Li, B. Ke, C. Lai, and Q. Peng (2020a). Adsorption of Humic Acid from Aque- ous Solution by Magnetic Zn/Al Calcined Layered Double Hydroxides. Applied Clay Science, 188; 105414
Li, Z., H. Hanafy, L. Zhang, L. Sellaoui, M. S. Netto, M. L. Oliveira, M. K. Seliem, G. L. Dotto, A. Bonilla-Petriciolet, and Q. Li (2020b). Adsorption of Congo Red and Methylene Blue Dyes on an Ashitaba Waste and a Walnut Shell based Activated Carbon from Aqueous Solutions: Experiments, Characterization and Physical Interpretations. Chemical En- gineering Journal, 388; 124263
Mohadi, R., P. M. S. B. N. Siregar, N. R. Palapa, T. Taher, and A. Lesbani (2022). Layered Double Hydroxide/Chitosan Composite (Mg-Al/CT) as a Selective Adsorbent in Congo Red Adsorption from Aqueous Solution. Ecological Engi- neering & Environmental Technology, 23(2); 144–152
Moosa, A. A., A. M. Ridha, and N. A. Kadhim (2016). Use of Biocomposite Adsorbents for The Removal of Methy- lene Blue Dye from Aqueous Solution. American Journal of Materials Science, 6(5); 135–146
Ngapa, Y. D. and J. Gago (2021). Optimizing of Competitive Adsorption Methylene Blue and Methyl Orange using Natu- ral Zeolite from Ende Flores. Jurnal Kimia dan Pendidikan Kimia, 6(1); 39–48
Patil, M., J. Shinde, A. Jadhav, and S. Deshpande (2017). Ad- sorption of Methylene Blue in Waste Water by Low Cost Adsorbent Rice Husk. Adsorption, 99; 100
Rahmi, I. and Mustafa (2019). Methylene Blue Removal from Water using H2SO4 Crosslinked Magnetic Chitosan Nanocomposite Beads. Microchemical Journal, 144; 397– 402
Sagita, C. P., L. Nulandaya, and Y. S. Kurniawan (2021). Effi- cient and Low Cost Removal of Methylene Blue using Acti- vated Natural Kaolinite Material. Journal of Multidisciplinary Applied Natural Science, 1(2); 69–77
Sakr, F., S. Alahiane, A. Sennaoui, M. Dinne, I. Bakas, and A. Assabbane (2020). Removal of Cationic Dye (Methylene Blue) from Aqueous Solution by Adsorption on Two Type of Biomaterial of South Morocco. Materials Today, 22; 93–96
Seedao, C., T. Rachphirom, M. Phiromchoei, and W. Jangiam (2018). Anionic Dye Adsorption from Aqueous Solutions by Chitosan Coated Luffa Fibers. ASEAN Journal of Chemical Engineering, 18(2); 31–40
Siregar, P. M. S. B. N., N. Juleanti, A. Wijaya, N. R. Palapa, R. Mohadi, and A. Lesbani (2021a). Mg/Al-CH, Ni/Al-CH and Zn/Al-CH, as Adsorbents for Congo Red Removal in Aqueous Solution. Communications in Science and Technology, 6(2); 74–79
Siregar, P. M. S. B. N., N. R. Palapa, A. Wijaya, E. S. Fitri, and A. Lesbani (2021b). Structural Stability of Ni/Al Lay- ered Double Hydroxide Supported on Graphite and Biochar Toward Adsorption of Congo Red. Science and Technology
Indonesia, 6(2); 85–95
Sulizi, P. A. S. and N. N. Mobarak (2020). Kinetic Studies and
Absorption Isothermal of Methylene Blue by using N,O- carboxymethyl Chitosan. Malaysian Journal of Analytical Sciences, 24(1); 21–32
Vinsiah, R., R. Mohadi, and A. Lesbani (2020). Performance of Graphite for Congo Red and Direct Orange Adsorption. Indonesian Journal of Environmental Management and Sustain- ability, 4(4); 125–132
Wang, P., T. Yan, and L. Wang (2013). Removal of Congo Red from Aqueous Solution using Magnetic Chitosan Composite Microparticles. Bioresources, 8(4); 6026–6043
Wei, W., L. Yang, W. Zhong, S. Li, J. Cui, and Z. Wei
(2015). Fast Removal of Methylene Blue from Aqueous Solution by Adsorption onto Poorly Crystalline Hydrox-
yapatite Nanoparticles. Digest Journal of Nanomaterials and
Biostructures, 10(4); 1343–1363
Xu, H., S. Zhu, M. Xia, and F. Wang (2021). Rapid and
Efficient Removal of Diclofenac Sodium from Aqueous So- lution Via Ternary CoreshellCS@PANI@LDH Composite: Experimental and Adsorption Mechanism Study. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 402; 123815
Zeng, L., M. Xie, Q. Zhang, Y. Kang, X. Guo, H. Xiao, Y. Peng, and J. Luo (2015). Chitosan/Organic Rectorite Composite for The Magnetic Uptake of Methylene Blue and Methyl Orange. Carbohydrate Polymers, 123; 89–98
Zhang, H., J. Ma, F. Wang, Y. Chu, L. Yang, and M. Xia (2020). Mechanism of Carboxymethyl Chitosan Hybrid Montmo- rillonite and Adsorption of Pb (II) and Congo Red by CMC- MMT Organic Inorganic Hybrid Composite. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 149; 1161–1169
Zhu, H., M. Zhang, Y. Liu, L. Zhang, and R. Han (2012). Study of Congo Red Adsorption onto Chitosan Coated Mag- netic Iron Oxide in Batch Mode. Desalination and Water Treatment, 37(1-3); 46–54
Zubair, M., N. Jarrah, A. Khalid, M. S. Manzar, T. S. Kazeem, and M. A. Al-Harthi (2018). Starch NiFe Layered Double Hydroxide Composites: Efficient Removal of Methyl Or- ange from Aqueous Phase. Journal of Molecular Liquids, 249; 254–264
Albadarin, A. B., M. N. Collins, M. Naushad, S. Shirazian, G. Walker, and C. Mangwandi (2017). Activated Lignin- Chitosan Extruded Blends for Efficient Adsorption of Methy- lene Blue. Chemical Engineering Journal, 307; 264–272
Ali, F., S. Bibi, N. Ali, Z. Ali, A. Said, Z. U. Wahab, M. Bilal, and H. M. Iqbal (2020). Sorptive Removal of Malachite Green Dye by Activated Charcoal: Process Optimization, Kinetic, and Thermodynamic Evaluation. Case Studies in Chemical and Environmental Engineering, 2; 100025
Amtul, J., N. Yasha, and N. Sitara (2018). Elimination of a Carcinogenic Anionic Dye Congo Red from Water using Hydrogels based on Chitosan, Acrylamide and Graphene Oxide. Journal of Bioprocessing & Biotechniques, 8; 2155– 9821
Benicio, L. P. F., R. A. Silva, J. A. Lopes, D. Eulalio, R. M. M. d. Santos, L. A. d. Aquino, L. Vergutz, R. F. Novais, L. M. d. Costa, and F. G. Pinto (2015). Layered Double Hydroxides: Nanomaterials for Applications in Agriculture. Revista Brasileira De Ciencia Do Solo, 39; 1–13
Bernard, E. and A. Jimoh (2013). Adsorption of Pb, Fe, Cu and Zn from Industrial Electroplating Wastewater by Orange Peel Activated Carbon. International Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences, 4(2); 95–103
Buaphean, T., T. Ketwongsa, and K. Piyamongkala (2017). Coagulation of Chitosan Solution in Commercial Detergent as Adsorbent for Sorption Methylene Blue Dye. Solid State Phenomena, 266; 122–127
Chang, J., J. Ma, Q. Ma, D. Zhang, N. Qiao, M. Hu, and H. Ma (2016). Adsorption of Methylene Blue onto Fe3O4/Activated Montmorillonite Nanocomposite. Applied Clay Science, 119; 132–140
Dehghani, M. H., A. Dehghan, H. Alidadi, M. Dolatabadi, M. Mehrabpour, and A. Converti (2017). Removal of Methylene Blue Dye from Aqueous Solutions by a New Chi- tosan/Zeolite Composite from Shrimp Waste: Kinetic and Equilibrium Study. Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering, 34(6); 1699–1707
Dotto, G., J. Santos, I. Rodrigues, R. Rosa, F. Pavan, and E. Lima (2015). Adsorption of Methylene Blue by Ultrasonic Surface Modified Chitin. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, 446; 133–140
El-Mekkawi, D. M., F. A. Ibrahim, and M. M. Selim (2016). Removal of Methylene Blue from Water using Zeolites Prepared from Egyptian Kaolins Collected from Different Sources. Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering, 4(2); 1417–1422
Ge, H. and J. Du (2020). Selective Adsorption of Pb (II) and Hg (II) on Melamine Grafted Chitosan. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 162; 1880–1887 Hamzezadeh, A., Y. Rashtbari, S. Afshin, M. Morovati, and M. Vosoughi (2022). Application of Low Cost Material for Adsorption of Dye from Aqueous Solution. International Journal of Environmental Analytical Chemistry, 102(1); 254–269
Huang, Z., T. Wang, M. Shen, Z. Huang, Y. Chong, and L. Cui
(2019). Coagulation Treatment of Swine Wastewater by The Method of in-situ Forming Layered Double Hydroxides and Sludge Recycling for Preparation of Biochar Composite Catalyst. Chemical Engineering Journal, 369; 784–792
Juleanti, N., N. R. Palapa, T. Taher, N. Hidayati, B. I. Putri, and A. Lesbani (2021). The Capability of Biochar-Based CaAl and MgAl Composite Materials as Adsorbent for Re- moval Cr (VI) in Aqueous Solution. Science and Technology Indonesia, 6(3); 196–203
Jung, K. W., S. Y. Lee, J. W. Choi, M. J. Hwang, and W. G. Shim (2021). Synthesis of Mg-Al Layered Double Hydrox- ides Functionalized Hydrochar Composite Via an in situ One Pot Hydrothermal Method for Arsenate and Phosphate Removal: Structural Characterization and Adsorption Per- formance. Chemical Engineering Journal, 420; 129775
Kankilic, G. B. and A. U. Metin (2020). Phragmites Australis as a New Cellulose Source: Extraction, Characterization and Adsorption of Methylene Blue. Journal of Molecular Liquids, 312; 113313
Karami, Z., M. Jouyandeh, J. A. Ali, M. R. Ganjali, M. Ag- hazadeh, S. M. R. Paran, G. Naderi, D. Puglia, and M. R. Saeb (2019). Epoxy/Layered Double Hydroxide (LDH) Nanocomposites: Synthesis, Characterization, and Excel- lent Cure Feature of Nitrate Anion Intercalated Zn-Al LDH. Progress in Organic Coatings, 136; 105218
Khalili, R., M. Ghaedi, M. Parvinnia, and M. M. Sabzehmei- dani (2021). Simultaneous Removal of Binary Mixture Dyes using Mn-Fe Layered Double Hydroxide Coated Chitosan Fibers Prepared by Wet Spinning. Surfaces and Interfaces, 23; 100976
Khuluk, R., A. Buhani, and Suharso (2019). Removal of Methylene Blue by Adsorption onto Activated Carbon from Coconut Shell (Cocous nucifera L.). Indonesian Journal of Sci- ence & Technology, 4(2); 229–240
Kulkarni, S. and J. Kaware (2014). Regeneration and Recovery in Adsorption. International Journal of Innovative Science, Engineering & Technology, 1(8); 61–64
Li, S., Y. Yang, S. Huang, Z. He, C. Li, D. Li, B. Ke, C. Lai, and Q. Peng (2020a). Adsorption of Humic Acid from Aque- ous Solution by Magnetic Zn/Al Calcined Layered Double Hydroxides. Applied Clay Science, 188; 105414
Li, Z., H. Hanafy, L. Zhang, L. Sellaoui, M. S. Netto, M. L. Oliveira, M. K. Seliem, G. L. Dotto, A. Bonilla-Petriciolet, and Q. Li (2020b). Adsorption of Congo Red and Methylene Blue Dyes on an Ashitaba Waste and a Walnut Shell based Activated Carbon from Aqueous Solutions: Experiments, Characterization and Physical Interpretations. Chemical En- gineering Journal, 388; 124263
Mohadi, R., P. M. S. B. N. Siregar, N. R. Palapa, T. Taher, and A. Lesbani (2022). Layered Double Hydroxide/Chitosan Composite (Mg-Al/CT) as a Selective Adsorbent in Congo Red Adsorption from Aqueous Solution. Ecological Engi- neering & Environmental Technology, 23(2); 144–152
Moosa, A. A., A. M. Ridha, and N. A. Kadhim (2016). Use of Biocomposite Adsorbents for The Removal of Methy- lene Blue Dye from Aqueous Solution. American Journal of Materials Science, 6(5); 135–146
Ngapa, Y. D. and J. Gago (2021). Optimizing of Competitive Adsorption Methylene Blue and Methyl Orange using Natu- ral Zeolite from Ende Flores. Jurnal Kimia dan Pendidikan Kimia, 6(1); 39–48
Patil, M., J. Shinde, A. Jadhav, and S. Deshpande (2017). Ad- sorption of Methylene Blue in Waste Water by Low Cost Adsorbent Rice Husk. Adsorption, 99; 100
Rahmi, I. and Mustafa (2019). Methylene Blue Removal from Water using H2SO4 Crosslinked Magnetic Chitosan Nanocomposite Beads. Microchemical Journal, 144; 397– 402
Sagita, C. P., L. Nulandaya, and Y. S. Kurniawan (2021). Effi- cient and Low Cost Removal of Methylene Blue using Acti- vated Natural Kaolinite Material. Journal of Multidisciplinary Applied Natural Science, 1(2); 69–77
Sakr, F., S. Alahiane, A. Sennaoui, M. Dinne, I. Bakas, and A. Assabbane (2020). Removal of Cationic Dye (Methylene Blue) from Aqueous Solution by Adsorption on Two Type of Biomaterial of South Morocco. Materials Today, 22; 93–96
Seedao, C., T. Rachphirom, M. Phiromchoei, and W. Jangiam (2018). Anionic Dye Adsorption from Aqueous Solutions by Chitosan Coated Luffa Fibers. ASEAN Journal of Chemical Engineering, 18(2); 31–40
Siregar, P. M. S. B. N., N. Juleanti, A. Wijaya, N. R. Palapa, R. Mohadi, and A. Lesbani (2021a). Mg/Al-CH, Ni/Al-CH and Zn/Al-CH, as Adsorbents for Congo Red Removal in Aqueous Solution. Communications in Science and Technology, 6(2); 74–79
Siregar, P. M. S. B. N., N. R. Palapa, A. Wijaya, E. S. Fitri, and A. Lesbani (2021b). Structural Stability of Ni/Al Lay- ered Double Hydroxide Supported on Graphite and Biochar Toward Adsorption of Congo Red. Science and Technology
Indonesia, 6(2); 85–95
Sulizi, P. A. S. and N. N. Mobarak (2020). Kinetic Studies and
Absorption Isothermal of Methylene Blue by using N,O- carboxymethyl Chitosan. Malaysian Journal of Analytical Sciences, 24(1); 21–32
Vinsiah, R., R. Mohadi, and A. Lesbani (2020). Performance of Graphite for Congo Red and Direct Orange Adsorption. Indonesian Journal of Environmental Management and Sustain- ability, 4(4); 125–132
Wang, P., T. Yan, and L. Wang (2013). Removal of Congo Red from Aqueous Solution using Magnetic Chitosan Composite Microparticles. Bioresources, 8(4); 6026–6043
Wei, W., L. Yang, W. Zhong, S. Li, J. Cui, and Z. Wei
(2015). Fast Removal of Methylene Blue from Aqueous Solution by Adsorption onto Poorly Crystalline Hydrox-
yapatite Nanoparticles. Digest Journal of Nanomaterials and
Biostructures, 10(4); 1343–1363
Xu, H., S. Zhu, M. Xia, and F. Wang (2021). Rapid and
Efficient Removal of Diclofenac Sodium from Aqueous So- lution Via Ternary CoreshellCS@PANI@LDH Composite: Experimental and Adsorption Mechanism Study. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 402; 123815
Zeng, L., M. Xie, Q. Zhang, Y. Kang, X. Guo, H. Xiao, Y. Peng, and J. Luo (2015). Chitosan/Organic Rectorite Composite for The Magnetic Uptake of Methylene Blue and Methyl Orange. Carbohydrate Polymers, 123; 89–98
Zhang, H., J. Ma, F. Wang, Y. Chu, L. Yang, and M. Xia (2020). Mechanism of Carboxymethyl Chitosan Hybrid Montmo- rillonite and Adsorption of Pb (II) and Congo Red by CMC- MMT Organic Inorganic Hybrid Composite. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 149; 1161–1169
Zhu, H., M. Zhang, Y. Liu, L. Zhang, and R. Han (2012). Study of Congo Red Adsorption onto Chitosan Coated Mag- netic Iron Oxide in Batch Mode. Desalination and Water Treatment, 37(1-3); 46–54
Zubair, M., N. Jarrah, A. Khalid, M. S. Manzar, T. S. Kazeem, and M. A. Al-Harthi (2018). Starch NiFe Layered Double Hydroxide Composites: Efficient Removal of Methyl Or- ange from Aqueous Phase. Journal of Molecular Liquids, 249; 254–264
Authors
Siregar, P. M. S. B. N., Lesbani, A., & Mohadi, R. . (2022). Mg/Al-chitosan as a Selective Adsorbent in The Removal of Methylene Blue from Aqueous Solutions. Science and Technology Indonesia, 7(2), 170–178. https://doi.org/10.26554/sti.2022.7.2.170-178
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