Interlayer Modification of West Java Natural Bentonite as Hazardous Dye Rhodamine B Adsorption
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Keywords:
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Bentonite, Intercalation, Low Temperature, Adsorption, Rhodamine B
Abstract
This work reports the modification of West Java natural bentonite as an effective adsorbent for rhodamine B dye. The modification was finished by sodium intercalation at room temperature to get low-energy preparation. Characterization of bentonite-modified adsorbent was used SEM, XRD, FTIR, and BET analysis. The material pore size and surface area were increased by 0.303 nm and 178.710 m2/g on Na-bentonite. The adsorption mechanism conformed well with the Freundlich isotherm model and pseudo-second-order kinetics equations. The adsorption process by thermodynamic analysis was endothermic and advantageous. Under the optimum condition of pH 6 (confirmed by pHpzc), initial dye concentration of 125 mg/L, and the adsorbent dosage of 0.09 g for 65 minutes, the Na-bentonite has a larger adsorption capacity (Qm) of 142.86 mg/g, while the different adsorbent dosages of 0.11 g for 75 minutes, the adsorption capacity of natural bentonite (Qm) reaches 140.85 mg/g. This work provides a method for establishing a low-energy preparation adsorbent of bentonite-based on Na intercalant as a low-cost and valuable adsorbent for waste dye removal.
References
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AL Tufaily, M. and Z. Al Qadi (2016). Preparation and Utilization of Corncob Activated Carbon for Dyes Removal from Aqueous Solutions: Batch and Continuous Study. Journal of Babylon University/Engineering Sciences, 2(3); 24
Alexandru, I. (2011). The Role Of Sodium In the Body Stantin. In Balneo-Research Journal, 2(3); 23–25
Annadurai, G., S. Rajesh Babu, K. Mahesh, and T. Murugesan (2000). Adsorption and Bio degradation of Phenol by Chitosan-immobilized Pseudomonas Putida (NICM 2174). Bioprocess Engineering, 22(6); 493–501
Asgari, G., A. Seid Mohammadi, A. Rahmani, M. T. Samadi, M. Salari, S. Alizadeh, and D. Nematollahi (2021). Diuron Degradation using Three-dimensional Electro-peroxone (3D/E-peroxone) Process in the Presence of TiO2/GAC: Application for Real Wastewater and Optimization using RSM-CCD and ANN-GA Approaches. Chemosphere, 266; 129179
Bouras, O., J. C. Bollinger, M. Baudu, and H. Khalaf (2007). Adsorption of Diuron and its Degradation Products from Aqueous Solution by Surfactant-modified Pillared Clays. Applied Clay Science, 37(3-4); 240–250
Castellini, E., D. Malferrari, F. Bernini, M. F. Brigatti, G. R. Castro, L. Medici, A. Mucci, and M. Borsari (2017). Baseline Studies of the Clay Minerals Society Source Clay Montmorillonite STx 1b. Clays and Clay Minerals, 65(4); 220–233
Chai, J. B., P. I. Au, N. M. Mubarak, M. Khalid, W. P. Q. Ng, P. Jagadish, R. Walvekar, and E. C. Abdullah (2020). Adsorption of Heavy Metal from Industrial Wastewater Onto Low-cost Malaysian Kaolin Clay–based Adsorbent. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 27(12); 13949 -13962
Cheng, Z. L., Y. x. Li, and Z. Liu (2018). Study on Adsorption of Rhodamine B Onto Beta Zeolites by Tuning SiO2/Al2O3 Ratio. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 148; 585–592
de Morais Pinos, J. Y., L. B. de Melo, S. D. de Souza, L. Marçal, and E. H. de Faria (2022). Bentonite Functionalized with Amine Groups by the Sol-gel Route as Efficient Adsorbent of Rhodamine-B and Nickel (II). Applied Clay Science, 223; 106494
Ding, F., M. Gao, T. Shen, H. Zeng, and Y. Xiang (2018). Comparative Study of Organo-vermiculite, Organo-montmorillonite and Organo-silica Nanosheets Functionalized by An Ether-spacer containing Gemini Surfactant: Congo Red Adsorption and Wettability. Chemical Engineering Journal, 349; 388–396
Dotto, J., M. R. Fagundes-Klen, M. T. Veit, S. M. Palacio, and R. Bergamasco (2019). Performance of Different Coagulants In the Coagulation/flocculation Process of Textile Wastewater. Journal of Cleaner Production, 208; 656–665
Fatimah, I., G. Purwiandono, A. Hidayat, S. Sagadevan, and A. Kamari (2022). Mechanistic Insight Into the Adsorption and Photocatalytic Activity of a Magnetically Separable Fe2O3/Montmorillonite Nanocomposite for Rhodamine B Removal. Chemical Physics Letters,
792; 139410
Giraldo, S., N. Y. Acelas, R. Ocampo Pérez, E. Padilla Ortega, E. Flórez, C. A. Franco, F. B. Cortés, and A. Forgionny (2022). Application of Orange Peel Waste as Adsorbent for Methylene Blue and Cd2+ Simultaneous Remediation. Molecules, 27(16); 5105
He, H., K. Chai, T. Wu, Z. Qiu, S. Wang, and J. Hong (2022). Adsorption of Rhodamine B from Simulated Waste Water onto Kaolin-Bentonite Composites. Materials, 15(12); 4058
Huang, Z., Y. Li, W. Chen, J. Shi, N. Zhang, X. Wang, Z. Li, L. Gao, and Y. Zhang (2017). Modified Bentonite Adsorption of Organic Pollutants of Dye Wastewater. Materials Chemistry and Physics, 202; 266–276
Islam, M. and M. Mostafa (2022). Adsorption Kinetics, Isotherms and Thermodynamic Studies of Methyl Blue in Textile Dye Effluent on Natural Clay Adsorbent. Sustainable Water Resources Management, 8(2); 1–12
Javed, S. H., A. Zahir, A. Khan, S. Afzal, and M. Mansha (2018). Adsorption of Mordant Red 73 Dye on Acid Activated Bentonite: Kinetics and Thermodynamic Study. Journal of Molecular Liquids, 254; 398–405
Jiang, K., K. Liu, Q. Peng, and M. Zhou (2021). Adsorption of Pb (II) and Zn (II) Ions on Humus-like Substances Modified Montmorillonite. Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects, 631; 127706
Kamarehie, B., A. Jafari, M. Ghaderpoori, F. Azimi, M. Faridan, K. Sharafi, F. Ahmadi, and M. A. Karami (2020). Qualitative and Quantitative Analysis of Municipal Solid Waste In Iran For Implementation of Best Waste Management Practice: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 27(30); 37514–37526
Kanwal, A., R. Rehman, and M. Imran (2022). Adsorptive Detoxification of Congo Red and Brilliant Green Dyes Using Chemically Processed Brassica Oleracea Biowaste from Waste Water. Adsorption Science & Technology, 2022; 1–14
Khan, T. A., S. Dahiya, and I. Ali (2012). Use of Kaolinite as Adsorbent: Equilibrium, Dynamics and Thermodynamic Studies on the Adsorption of Rhodamine B From Aqueous Solution. Applied Clay Science, 69; 58–66
Laysandra, L., M. W. M. K. Sari, F. E. Soetaredjo, K. Foe, J. N. Putro, A. Kurniawan, Y. H. Ju, and S. Ismadji (2017). Adsorption and Photocatalytic Performance of Bentonitetitanium Dioxide Composites for Methylene Blue and Rhodamine B Decoloration. Heliyon, 3(12); e00488
Leodopoulos, C., D. Doulia, and K. Gimouhopoulos (2015). Adsorption of Cationic Dyes Onto Bentonite. Separation & Purification Reviews, 44(1); 74–107
Lin, J. J., Y. M. Chen, and M. H. Yu (2007). Hydrogen-bond Driven Intercalation of Synthetic Fluorinated Mica by Poly (oxypropylene)-amidoamine Salts. Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects, 302(1-3); 162–167
Mahmoodi, N. M. (2014). Dendrimer Functionalized Nanoarchitecture: Synthesis and Binary System Dye Removal. Journal of the Taiwan Institute of Chemical Engineers, 45(4); 2008–2020
Mahmoodi, N. M. (2015). Manganese Ferrite Nanoparticle: Synthesis, Characterization, and Photocatalytic Dye Degradation Ability. Desalination and Water Treatment, 53(1); 84–90
Mohadi, R., E. S. Fitri, and N. R. Palapa (2022). Unique Adsorption Properties of Cationic Dyes Malachite Green and Rhodamine-B on Longan (Dimocarpus Longan) Peel. Science and Technology Indonesia, 7(1); 115–125
Mohammad, A. T., A. S. Abdulhameed, and A. H. Jawad (2019). Box-Behnken Design to Optimize the Synthesis of New Crosslinked Chitosan-glyoxal/TiO2 Nanocomposite: Methyl Orange Adsorption and Mechanism Studies. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 129; 98–109
Mohammed, A. A. and S. S. Isra’a (2018). Bentonite Coated with Magnetite Fe3O4 Nanoparticles as A Novel Adsorbent for Copper (ii) Ions Removal From Water/wastewater. Environmental Technology & Innovation, 10; 162–174
Mu’azu, N. D., N. Jarrah, T. S. Kazeem, M. Zubair, and M. Al Harthi (2018). Bentonite-layered Double Hydroxide Composite for Enhanced Aqueous Adsorption of Eriochrome Black T. Applied Clay Science, 161; 23–34
Rahmani, A. R., N. Navidjouy, M. Rahimnejad, S. Alizadeh, M. R. Samarghandi, and D. Nematollahi (2022). Effect Of Different Concentrations of Substrate In Microbial Fuel Cells Toward Bioenergy Recovery and Simultaneous Wastewater Treatment. Environmental Technology, 43(1); 1–9
Reza, E. M., J. P. Bueno, F. E. Arreola, L. A. Arellano, J. P. Robles, R. N. Mendoza, and A. H. Macías (2015). Organobentonites with Crystalline Layer Separation Used for Adsorption In Water Treatment. Handbook of Research on Diverse Applications of Nanotechnology in Biomedicine, Chemistry, and Engineering, 3; 496–517
Ribeiro dos Santos, F., H. C. de Oliveira Bruno, and L. Zelayaran Melgar (2019). Use of Bentonite Calcined Clay As An Adsorbent: Equilibrium and Thermodynamic Study of Rhodamine B Adsorption In Aqueous Solution. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 26(28); 28622-28632
Sahnoun, S., M. Boutahala, C. Tiar, and A. Kahoul (2018). Adsorption of Tartrazine From An Aqueous Solution by Octadecyltrimethylammonium Bromide-modified Bentonite: Kinetics and Isotherm Modeling. Comptes Rendus Chimie, 21(3-4); 391–398
Selvam, P. P., S. Preethi, P. Basakaralingam, N. Thinakaran, A. Sivasamy, and S. Sivanesan (2008). Removal of Rhodamine B from Aqueous Solution by Adsorption Onto Sodium Montmorillonite. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 155(1-2); 39–44
Shattar, S. F. A. and K. Y. Foo (2022). Sodium Salt-assisted Low Temperature Activation of Bentonite For the Adsorptive Removal of Methylene Blue. Scientific Reports, 12(1); 1–12
Soleimani, H., O. Nasri, M. Ghoochani, A. Azhdarpoor, M. Dehghani, M. Radfard, M. Darvishmotevalli, V. Oskoei, and M. Heydari (2022). Groundwater Quality Evaluation and Risk Assessment of Nitrate Using Monte Carlo Simulation and Sensitivity Analysis In Rural Areas of Divandarreh County, Kurdistan Province, Iran. International Journal of Environmental Analytical Chemistry, 102(10); 2213–2231
Srikacha, N., M. Sriuttha, L. Neeratanaphan, C. Saiyasombat, and B. Tengjaroensakul (2022). The Improvement of Natural Thai Bentonite Modified with Cationic Surfactants on Hexavalent Chromium Adsorption from an Aqueous Solution. Adsorption Science & Technology, 2022; 1–15
Tong, D. S., C. W. Wu, M. O. Adebajo, G. C. Jin, W. H. Yu, S. F. Ji, and C. H. Zhou (2018). Adsorption of Methylene Blue From Aqueous Solution Onto Porous Cellulose derived Carbon/montmorillonite Nanocomposites. Applied Clay Science, 161; 256–264
Wu, Z., W. Deng, S. Tang, E. Ruiz Hitzky, J. Luo, and X. Wang (2021). Pod-inspired MXene/porous Carbon Microspheres with Ultrahigh Adsorption Capacity Towards Crystal Violet. Chemical Engineering Journal, 426; 130776
Xie, L. Q., X. Y. Jiang, and J. G. Yu (2022). A Novel LowCost Bio-Sorbent Prepared from Crisp Persimmon Peel by Low-Temperature Pyrolysis for Adsorption of Organic Dyes. Molecules, 27(16); 5160
Xing, X., G. Lv, W. Zhu, C. He, L. Liao, L. Mei, Z. Li, and G. Li (2015). The Binding Energy Between the Interlayer Cations and Montmorillonite Layers and Its Influence On Pb2+ Adsorption. Applied Clay Science, 112; 117–122
Yang, D., F. Cheng, L. Chang, and D. Wu (2022). Sodium Modification of Low Quality Natural Bentonite as Enhanced Lead Ion Adsorbent. Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects, 651; 129753
Yen Doan, T. H., T. P. Minh Chu, T. D. Dinh, T. H. Nguyen, T. C. Tu Vo, N. M. Nguyen, B. H. Nguyen, and T. D. Pham (2020). Adsorptive Removal of Rhodamine B Using Novel Adsorbent-based Surfactant-modified Alpha Alumina Nanoparticles. Journal of Analytical Methods in Chemistry, 2020; 1–8
Yurdakal, S., C. Garlisi, L. Özcan, M. Bellardita, and G. Palmisano (2019). (Photo) Catalyst Characterization Techniques: Adsorption Isotherms and BET, SEM, FTIR, UV–Vis, Photoluminescence, and Electrochemical Characterizations. Heterogeneous Photocatalysis, 4; 87–152
Al Maliky, E. A., H. A. Gzar, and M. G. Al Azawy (2021). Determination of Point of Zero Charge (PZC) of Concrete Particles Adsorbents. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, 1184(1); 012004
AL Tufaily, M. and Z. Al Qadi (2016). Preparation and Utilization of Corncob Activated Carbon for Dyes Removal from Aqueous Solutions: Batch and Continuous Study. Journal of Babylon University/Engineering Sciences, 2(3); 24
Alexandru, I. (2011). The Role Of Sodium In the Body Stantin. In Balneo-Research Journal, 2(3); 23–25
Annadurai, G., S. Rajesh Babu, K. Mahesh, and T. Murugesan (2000). Adsorption and Bio degradation of Phenol by Chitosan-immobilized Pseudomonas Putida (NICM 2174). Bioprocess Engineering, 22(6); 493–501
Asgari, G., A. Seid Mohammadi, A. Rahmani, M. T. Samadi, M. Salari, S. Alizadeh, and D. Nematollahi (2021). Diuron Degradation using Three-dimensional Electro-peroxone (3D/E-peroxone) Process in the Presence of TiO2/GAC: Application for Real Wastewater and Optimization using RSM-CCD and ANN-GA Approaches. Chemosphere, 266; 129179
Bouras, O., J. C. Bollinger, M. Baudu, and H. Khalaf (2007). Adsorption of Diuron and its Degradation Products from Aqueous Solution by Surfactant-modified Pillared Clays. Applied Clay Science, 37(3-4); 240–250
Castellini, E., D. Malferrari, F. Bernini, M. F. Brigatti, G. R. Castro, L. Medici, A. Mucci, and M. Borsari (2017). Baseline Studies of the Clay Minerals Society Source Clay Montmorillonite STx 1b. Clays and Clay Minerals, 65(4); 220–233
Chai, J. B., P. I. Au, N. M. Mubarak, M. Khalid, W. P. Q. Ng, P. Jagadish, R. Walvekar, and E. C. Abdullah (2020). Adsorption of Heavy Metal from Industrial Wastewater Onto Low-cost Malaysian Kaolin Clay–based Adsorbent. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 27(12); 13949 -13962
Cheng, Z. L., Y. x. Li, and Z. Liu (2018). Study on Adsorption of Rhodamine B Onto Beta Zeolites by Tuning SiO2/Al2O3 Ratio. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 148; 585–592
de Morais Pinos, J. Y., L. B. de Melo, S. D. de Souza, L. Marçal, and E. H. de Faria (2022). Bentonite Functionalized with Amine Groups by the Sol-gel Route as Efficient Adsorbent of Rhodamine-B and Nickel (II). Applied Clay Science, 223; 106494
Ding, F., M. Gao, T. Shen, H. Zeng, and Y. Xiang (2018). Comparative Study of Organo-vermiculite, Organo-montmorillonite and Organo-silica Nanosheets Functionalized by An Ether-spacer containing Gemini Surfactant: Congo Red Adsorption and Wettability. Chemical Engineering Journal, 349; 388–396
Dotto, J., M. R. Fagundes-Klen, M. T. Veit, S. M. Palacio, and R. Bergamasco (2019). Performance of Different Coagulants In the Coagulation/flocculation Process of Textile Wastewater. Journal of Cleaner Production, 208; 656–665
Fatimah, I., G. Purwiandono, A. Hidayat, S. Sagadevan, and A. Kamari (2022). Mechanistic Insight Into the Adsorption and Photocatalytic Activity of a Magnetically Separable Fe2O3/Montmorillonite Nanocomposite for Rhodamine B Removal. Chemical Physics Letters,
792; 139410
Giraldo, S., N. Y. Acelas, R. Ocampo Pérez, E. Padilla Ortega, E. Flórez, C. A. Franco, F. B. Cortés, and A. Forgionny (2022). Application of Orange Peel Waste as Adsorbent for Methylene Blue and Cd2+ Simultaneous Remediation. Molecules, 27(16); 5105
He, H., K. Chai, T. Wu, Z. Qiu, S. Wang, and J. Hong (2022). Adsorption of Rhodamine B from Simulated Waste Water onto Kaolin-Bentonite Composites. Materials, 15(12); 4058
Huang, Z., Y. Li, W. Chen, J. Shi, N. Zhang, X. Wang, Z. Li, L. Gao, and Y. Zhang (2017). Modified Bentonite Adsorption of Organic Pollutants of Dye Wastewater. Materials Chemistry and Physics, 202; 266–276
Islam, M. and M. Mostafa (2022). Adsorption Kinetics, Isotherms and Thermodynamic Studies of Methyl Blue in Textile Dye Effluent on Natural Clay Adsorbent. Sustainable Water Resources Management, 8(2); 1–12
Javed, S. H., A. Zahir, A. Khan, S. Afzal, and M. Mansha (2018). Adsorption of Mordant Red 73 Dye on Acid Activated Bentonite: Kinetics and Thermodynamic Study. Journal of Molecular Liquids, 254; 398–405
Jiang, K., K. Liu, Q. Peng, and M. Zhou (2021). Adsorption of Pb (II) and Zn (II) Ions on Humus-like Substances Modified Montmorillonite. Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects, 631; 127706
Kamarehie, B., A. Jafari, M. Ghaderpoori, F. Azimi, M. Faridan, K. Sharafi, F. Ahmadi, and M. A. Karami (2020). Qualitative and Quantitative Analysis of Municipal Solid Waste In Iran For Implementation of Best Waste Management Practice: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 27(30); 37514–37526
Kanwal, A., R. Rehman, and M. Imran (2022). Adsorptive Detoxification of Congo Red and Brilliant Green Dyes Using Chemically Processed Brassica Oleracea Biowaste from Waste Water. Adsorption Science & Technology, 2022; 1–14
Khan, T. A., S. Dahiya, and I. Ali (2012). Use of Kaolinite as Adsorbent: Equilibrium, Dynamics and Thermodynamic Studies on the Adsorption of Rhodamine B From Aqueous Solution. Applied Clay Science, 69; 58–66
Laysandra, L., M. W. M. K. Sari, F. E. Soetaredjo, K. Foe, J. N. Putro, A. Kurniawan, Y. H. Ju, and S. Ismadji (2017). Adsorption and Photocatalytic Performance of Bentonitetitanium Dioxide Composites for Methylene Blue and Rhodamine B Decoloration. Heliyon, 3(12); e00488
Leodopoulos, C., D. Doulia, and K. Gimouhopoulos (2015). Adsorption of Cationic Dyes Onto Bentonite. Separation & Purification Reviews, 44(1); 74–107
Lin, J. J., Y. M. Chen, and M. H. Yu (2007). Hydrogen-bond Driven Intercalation of Synthetic Fluorinated Mica by Poly (oxypropylene)-amidoamine Salts. Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects, 302(1-3); 162–167
Mahmoodi, N. M. (2014). Dendrimer Functionalized Nanoarchitecture: Synthesis and Binary System Dye Removal. Journal of the Taiwan Institute of Chemical Engineers, 45(4); 2008–2020
Mahmoodi, N. M. (2015). Manganese Ferrite Nanoparticle: Synthesis, Characterization, and Photocatalytic Dye Degradation Ability. Desalination and Water Treatment, 53(1); 84–90
Mohadi, R., E. S. Fitri, and N. R. Palapa (2022). Unique Adsorption Properties of Cationic Dyes Malachite Green and Rhodamine-B on Longan (Dimocarpus Longan) Peel. Science and Technology Indonesia, 7(1); 115–125
Mohammad, A. T., A. S. Abdulhameed, and A. H. Jawad (2019). Box-Behnken Design to Optimize the Synthesis of New Crosslinked Chitosan-glyoxal/TiO2 Nanocomposite: Methyl Orange Adsorption and Mechanism Studies. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 129; 98–109
Mohammed, A. A. and S. S. Isra’a (2018). Bentonite Coated with Magnetite Fe3O4 Nanoparticles as A Novel Adsorbent for Copper (ii) Ions Removal From Water/wastewater. Environmental Technology & Innovation, 10; 162–174
Mu’azu, N. D., N. Jarrah, T. S. Kazeem, M. Zubair, and M. Al Harthi (2018). Bentonite-layered Double Hydroxide Composite for Enhanced Aqueous Adsorption of Eriochrome Black T. Applied Clay Science, 161; 23–34
Rahmani, A. R., N. Navidjouy, M. Rahimnejad, S. Alizadeh, M. R. Samarghandi, and D. Nematollahi (2022). Effect Of Different Concentrations of Substrate In Microbial Fuel Cells Toward Bioenergy Recovery and Simultaneous Wastewater Treatment. Environmental Technology, 43(1); 1–9
Reza, E. M., J. P. Bueno, F. E. Arreola, L. A. Arellano, J. P. Robles, R. N. Mendoza, and A. H. Macías (2015). Organobentonites with Crystalline Layer Separation Used for Adsorption In Water Treatment. Handbook of Research on Diverse Applications of Nanotechnology in Biomedicine, Chemistry, and Engineering, 3; 496–517
Ribeiro dos Santos, F., H. C. de Oliveira Bruno, and L. Zelayaran Melgar (2019). Use of Bentonite Calcined Clay As An Adsorbent: Equilibrium and Thermodynamic Study of Rhodamine B Adsorption In Aqueous Solution. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 26(28); 28622-28632
Sahnoun, S., M. Boutahala, C. Tiar, and A. Kahoul (2018). Adsorption of Tartrazine From An Aqueous Solution by Octadecyltrimethylammonium Bromide-modified Bentonite: Kinetics and Isotherm Modeling. Comptes Rendus Chimie, 21(3-4); 391–398
Selvam, P. P., S. Preethi, P. Basakaralingam, N. Thinakaran, A. Sivasamy, and S. Sivanesan (2008). Removal of Rhodamine B from Aqueous Solution by Adsorption Onto Sodium Montmorillonite. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 155(1-2); 39–44
Shattar, S. F. A. and K. Y. Foo (2022). Sodium Salt-assisted Low Temperature Activation of Bentonite For the Adsorptive Removal of Methylene Blue. Scientific Reports, 12(1); 1–12
Soleimani, H., O. Nasri, M. Ghoochani, A. Azhdarpoor, M. Dehghani, M. Radfard, M. Darvishmotevalli, V. Oskoei, and M. Heydari (2022). Groundwater Quality Evaluation and Risk Assessment of Nitrate Using Monte Carlo Simulation and Sensitivity Analysis In Rural Areas of Divandarreh County, Kurdistan Province, Iran. International Journal of Environmental Analytical Chemistry, 102(10); 2213–2231
Srikacha, N., M. Sriuttha, L. Neeratanaphan, C. Saiyasombat, and B. Tengjaroensakul (2022). The Improvement of Natural Thai Bentonite Modified with Cationic Surfactants on Hexavalent Chromium Adsorption from an Aqueous Solution. Adsorption Science & Technology, 2022; 1–15
Tong, D. S., C. W. Wu, M. O. Adebajo, G. C. Jin, W. H. Yu, S. F. Ji, and C. H. Zhou (2018). Adsorption of Methylene Blue From Aqueous Solution Onto Porous Cellulose derived Carbon/montmorillonite Nanocomposites. Applied Clay Science, 161; 256–264
Wu, Z., W. Deng, S. Tang, E. Ruiz Hitzky, J. Luo, and X. Wang (2021). Pod-inspired MXene/porous Carbon Microspheres with Ultrahigh Adsorption Capacity Towards Crystal Violet. Chemical Engineering Journal, 426; 130776
Xie, L. Q., X. Y. Jiang, and J. G. Yu (2022). A Novel LowCost Bio-Sorbent Prepared from Crisp Persimmon Peel by Low-Temperature Pyrolysis for Adsorption of Organic Dyes. Molecules, 27(16); 5160
Xing, X., G. Lv, W. Zhu, C. He, L. Liao, L. Mei, Z. Li, and G. Li (2015). The Binding Energy Between the Interlayer Cations and Montmorillonite Layers and Its Influence On Pb2+ Adsorption. Applied Clay Science, 112; 117–122
Yang, D., F. Cheng, L. Chang, and D. Wu (2022). Sodium Modification of Low Quality Natural Bentonite as Enhanced Lead Ion Adsorbent. Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects, 651; 129753
Yen Doan, T. H., T. P. Minh Chu, T. D. Dinh, T. H. Nguyen, T. C. Tu Vo, N. M. Nguyen, B. H. Nguyen, and T. D. Pham (2020). Adsorptive Removal of Rhodamine B Using Novel Adsorbent-based Surfactant-modified Alpha Alumina Nanoparticles. Journal of Analytical Methods in Chemistry, 2020; 1–8
Yurdakal, S., C. Garlisi, L. Özcan, M. Bellardita, and G. Palmisano (2019). (Photo) Catalyst Characterization Techniques: Adsorption Isotherms and BET, SEM, FTIR, UV–Vis, Photoluminescence, and Electrochemical Characterizations. Heterogeneous Photocatalysis, 4; 87–152
Authors
Priatna, S. J., Hakim, Y. M., Wibyan, S. ., Sailah, S., & Mohadi, R. (2023). Interlayer Modification of West Java Natural Bentonite as Hazardous Dye Rhodamine B Adsorption. Science and Technology Indonesia, 8(2), 160–169. https://doi.org/10.26554/sti.2023.8.2.160-169
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